Pyrimidines as sodium channel blockers

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides substituted pyrimidine compounds of Formula (I), and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, and solvates thereof, wherein A 1 , X, A 2 , W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , E, Z, and R 4  are defined as set forth in the specification. The present disclosure is also directed to the use of compounds of Formula (I) to treat a disorder responsive to the blockade of sodium channels. Compounds of the present disclosure are especially useful for treating pain.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention is in the field of medicinal chemistry. The inventionprovides novel substituted pyrimidine compounds and the use of thesecompounds as blockers of voltage-gated sodium (Na⁺) channels.

2. Background Art

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are found in all excitable cells.In neuronal cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheralnervous system (PNS) sodium channels are primarily responsible forgenerating the rapid upstroke of the action potential. In this mannersodium channels are essential to the initiation and propagation ofelectrical signals in the nervous system. Proper function of sodiumchannels is therefore necessary for normal function of the neuron.Consequently, aberrant sodium channel function is thought to underlie avariety of medical disorders (See Hubner et al., Hum. Mol. Genet.11:2435-2445 (2002) for a general review of inherited ion channeldisorders) including epilepsy (Yogeeswari et al, Curr. Drug Target5:589-602 (2004)), arrhythmia (Noble, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA99:5755-5756 (2002)), myotonia (Cannon, Kidney Int. 57:772-779 (2000)),and pain (Wood et al., J. Neurobiol., 61:55-71 (2004)).

VGSCs are composed of one α-subunit, which forms the core of the channeland is responsible for voltage-dependent gating and ion permeation, andseveral auxiliary β-subunits (see, e.g., Chahine et al., CNS &Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets 7:144-158 (2008) and Kyle and Ilyin,J. Med. Chem. 50:2583-2588 (2007)). α-Subunits are large proteinscomposed of four homologous domains. Each domain contains six α-helicaltransmembrane spanning segments. There are currently nine known membersof the family of voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunits. Names for thisfamily include SCNx, SCNAx, and Na_(v)x.x (see Table 1, below). The VGSCfamily has been phylogenetically divided into two subfamilies Na_(v)1.x(all but SCN6A) and Na_(v)2.x (SCN6A). The Na_(v)1.x subfamily can befunctionally subdivided into two groups, those which are sensitive toblocking by tetrodotoxin (TTX-sensitive or TTX-s) and those which areresistant to blocking by tetrodotoxin (TTX-resistant or TTX-r).

There are three members of the subgroup of TTX-resistant sodiumchannels. The SCN5A gene product (Na_(v)1.5, H1) is almost exclusivelyexpressed in cardiac tissue and has been shown to underlie a variety ofcardiac arrhythmias and other conduction disorders (Liu et al., Am. J.Pharmacogenomics 3:173-179 (2003)). Consequently, blockers of Na_(v)1.5have found clinical utility in treatment of such disorders (Srivatsa etal., Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 4:401-410 (2002)). The remaining TTX-resistantsodium channels, Na_(v)1.8 (SCN10A, PN3, SNS) and Na_(v)1.9 (SCN11A,NaN, SNS2) are expressed in the peripheral nervous system and showpreferential expression in primary nociceptive neurons. Human geneticvariants of these channels have not been associated with any inheritedclinical disorder. However, aberrant expression of Na_(v)1.8 has beenfound in the CNS of human multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and also in arodent model of MS (Black et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA97:11598-115602 (2000)). Evidence for involvement in nociception is bothassociative (preferential expression in nociceptive neurons) and direct(genetic knockout). Na_(v)1.8-null mice exhibited typical nociceptivebehavior in response to acute noxious stimulation but had significantdeficits in referred pain and hyperalgesia (Laird et al., J. Neurosci.22:8352-8356 (2002)).

TABLE 1 Voltage-gated sodium channel gene family Tissue TTX Gene Distri-IC₅₀ Disease Type Symbol bution (nM) Association Indications Na_(v)1.1SCN1A CNS/PNS 10 Epilepsy Pain, sei- zures, neuro- degenerationNa_(v)1.2 SCN2A CNS 10 Epilepsy Epilepsy, neuro- degeneration Na_(v)1.3SCN3A CNS 15 — Pain Na_(v)1.4 SCN4A Skeletal 25 Myotonia Myotonia muscleNa_(v)1.5 SCN5A Heart 2,000 Arrhythmia Arrhythmia muscle Na_(v)1.6 SCN8ACNS/PNS 6 — Pain, movement disorders Na_(v)1.7 SCN9A PNS 25Erythermalgia Pain Na_(v)1.8 SCN10A PNS 50,000 — Pain Na_(v)1.9 SCN11APNS 1,000 — Pain

The Na_(v)1.7 (PN1, SCN9A) VGSC is sensitive to blocking by tetrodotoxinand is preferentially expressed in peripheral sympathetic and sensoryneurons. The SCN9A gene has been cloned from a number of species,including human; rat, and rabbit and shows ˜90% amino acid identitybetween the human and rat genes (Toledo-Aral et al., Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA 94:1527-1532 (1997)).

An increasing body of evidence suggests that Na_(v)1.7 plays a key rolein various pain states, including acute, inflammatory and/or neuropathicpain. Deletion of the SCN9A gene in nociceptive neurons of mice led toan increase in mechanical and thermal pain thresholds and reduction orabolition of inflammatory pain responses (Nassar et al., Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA 101:12706-12711 (2004)).

Sodium channel-blocking agents have been reported to be effective in thetreatment of various disease states, and have found particular use aslocal anesthetics, e.g., lidocaine and bupivacaine, and in the treatmentof cardiac arrhythmias, e.g., propafenone and amiodarone, and epilepsy,e.g., lamotrigine, phenytoin and carbamazepine (see Clare et al., DrugDiscovery Today 5:506-510 (2000); Lai et al., Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.Toxicol. 44:371-397 (2004); Anger et al., J. Med Chem. 44:115-137(2001), and Catterall, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 8:57-65 (1987)). Each ofthese agents is believed to act by interfering with the rapid influx ofsodium ions.

Other sodium channel blockers such as BW619C89 and lifarizine have beenshown to be neuroprotective in animal models of global and focalischemia (Graham et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 269:854-859 (1994);Brown et al., British J. Pharmacol. 115:1425-1432 (1995)).

It has also been reported that sodium channel-blocking agents can beuseful in the treatment of pain, including acute, chronic, inflammatory,neuropathic, and other types of pain such as rectal, ocular, andsubmandibular pain typically associated with paroxysmal extreme paindisorder; see, for example, Kyle and Ilyin., J. Med. Chem. 50:2583-2588(2007); Wood et al., J. Neurobiol. 61:55-71 (2004); Baker et al., TRENDSin Pharmacological Sciences 22:27-31 (2001); and Lai et al., CurrentOpinion in Neurobiology 13:291-297 (2003); the treatment of neurologicaldisorders such as epilepsy, seizures, epilepsy with febrile seizures,epilepsy with benign familial neonatal infantile seizures, inheritedpain disorders, e.g., primary erthermalgia and paroxysmal extreme paindisorder, familial hemiplegic migraine, and movement disorder; and thetreatment of other psychiatric disorders such as autism, cerebellaratrophy, ataxia, and mental retardation; see, for example, Chahine etal., CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets 7:144-158 (2008) andMeisler and Kearney, J. Clin. Invest. 115:2010-2017 (2005). In additionto the above-mentioned clinical uses, carbamazepine, lidocaine andphenytoin are used to treat neuropathic pain, such as from trigeminalneuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and other forms of nerve damage (Taylorand Meldrum, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 16:309-316 (1995)). Furthermore,based on a number of similarities between chronic pain and tinnitus,(Moller, Am. J. Otol. 18:577-585 (1997); Tonndorf, Hear. Res. 28:271-275(1987)) it has been proposed that tinnitus should be viewed as a form ofchronic pain sensation (Simpson, et al., Tip. 20:12-18 (1999)). Indeed,lidocaine and carbamazepine have been shown to be efficacious intreating tinnitus (Majumdar, B. et al., Clin. Otolaryngol. 8:175-180(1983); Donaldson, Laryngol. Otol. 95:947-951 (1981)).

Many patients with either acute or chronic pain disorders respond poorlyto current pain therapies, and the development of resistance orinsensitivity to opiates is common. In addition, many of the currentlyavailable treatments have undesirable side effects.

In view of the limited efficacy and/or unacceptable side-effects of thecurrently available agents, there is a pressing need for more effectiveand safer analgesics that work by blocking sodium channels.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides substituted pyrimidinecompounds represented by Formulae I-XV, below, and the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts, prodrugs, and solvates thereof, collectively referredto herein as “Compounds of the Invention.”

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of Compoundsof the Invention as blockers of one or more sodium (Na⁺) channels.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treatinga disorder responsive to the blockade of one or more sodium channels ina mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount ofa Compound of the Invention.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treatingpain (e.g., acute pain, chronic pain, which includes but is not limitedto, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain, orsurgical pain), comprising administering an effective amount of aCompound of the Invention to a mammal in need of such treatment.Specifically, the present disclosure provides a method for preemptive orpalliative treatment of pain by administering an effective amount of aCompound of the Invention to a mammal in need of such treatment.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treatingstroke, neuronal damage resulting from head trauma, epilepsy, seizures,general epilepsy with febrile seizures, severe myoclonic epilepsy ininfancy, neuronal loss following global and focal ischemia, migraine,familial primary erythromelalgia, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder,cerebellar atrophy, ataxia, dystonia, tremor, mental retardation,autism, a neurodegenerative disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Parkinson's disease), manicdepression, tinnitus, myotonia, a movement disorder, or cardiacarrhythmia, or providing local anesthesia, comprising administering aneffective amount of a Compound of the Invention to a mammal in need ofsuch treatment.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a Compound of the Invention and one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceuticalcomposition for treating a disorder responsive to the blockade of sodiumion channels, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises aneffective amount of a Compound of the Invention in a mixture with one ormore pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method ofmodulating sodium channels in a mammal, comprising administering to themammal an effective amount of at least one Compound of the Invention.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides Compounds of theInvention for use in treating pain in a mammal, e.g., acute pain,chronic pain, which includes but is not limited to, neuropathic pain,postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain, or surgical pain.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides Compounds of theInvention for use in treating stroke, neuronal damage resulting fromhead trauma, epilepsy, seizures, general epilepsy with febrile seizures,severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy, neuronal loss following global andfocal ischemia, migraine, familial primary erythromelalgia, paroxysmalextreme pain disorder, cerebellar atrophy, ataxia, dystonia, tremor,mental retardation, autism, a neurodegenerative disorder (e.g.,Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Parkinson'sdisease), manic depression, tinnitus, myotonia, a movement disorder, orcardiac arrhythmia, or providing local anesthesia, in a mammal.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a radiolabeledCompound of the Invention and the use of such compounds as radioligandsin any appropriately selected competitive binding assays and screeningmethodologies. Thus, the present disclosure further provides a methodfor screening a candidate compound for its ability to bind to a sodiumchannel or sodium channel subunit using a radiolabeled Compound of theInvention. In certain embodiments, the compound is radiolabeled with ³H,¹¹C, or ¹⁴C. This competitive binding assay can be conducted using anyappropriately selected methodology. In one embodiment, the screeningmethod comprises: i) introducing a fixed concentration of theradiolabeled compound to an in vitro preparation comprising a soluble ormembrane-associated sodium channel, subunit or fragment under conditionsthat permit the radiolabeled compound to bind to the channel, subunit orfragment, respectively, to form a conjugate; ii) titrating the conjugatewith a candidate compound; and iii) determining the ability of thecandidate compound to displace the radiolabeled compound from saidchannel, subunit or fragment.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a Compound of theInvention for use in the manufacture of a medicament for treating painin a mammal. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides the useof a Compound of the Invention in the manufacture of a medicament forpalliative or preemptive treatment of pain, such as acute pain, chronicpain, or surgical pain.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a Compound of theInvention for use in the manufacture of a medicament for treatingstroke, neuronal damage resulting from head trauma, epilepsy, seizures,general epilepsy with febrile seizures, severe myoclonic epilepsy ininfancy, neuronal loss following global and focal ischemia, migraine,familial primary erythromelalgia, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder,cerebellar atrophy, ataxia, dystonia, tremor, mental retardation,autism, a neurodegenerative disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Parkinson's disease), manicdepression, tinnitus, myotonia, a movement disorder, or cardiacarrhythmia, or providing local anesthesia, in a mammal.

Additional embodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be setforth, in part, in the description that follows, and will flow from thedescription, or can be learned by practice of the disclosure. Theembodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be realized andattained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointedout in the appended claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing summary and the followingdetailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are notrestrictive of the invention as claimed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the present disclosure is based on the use of Compounds ofthe Invention as blockers of Na⁺ channels. In view of this property,Compounds of the Invention are useful for treating disorders responsiveto the blockade of sodium ion channels.

In one embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds representedby Formula I:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof,

wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CR³; or

-   -   W¹ and W³ are N and W² is CR³; or    -   W² and W³ are N and W¹ is CR³;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) optionally substituted aryl;    -   b) optionally substituted heteroaryl;    -   c) optionally substituted cycloalkyl;    -   d) optionally substituted heterocyclo; and    -   e) aralkyl;

X is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) —O—;    -   b) —S—;    -   c) —SO—;    -   d) —SO₂—    -   e) —(CR^(7a)R^(7b))_(m)—;    -   f) —NR⁸—;    -   g) —SO₂NR⁹—; and    -   h) —NR⁹SO₂—;

each R^(7a) and R^(7b), which can be identical or different, is selectedfrom the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) halo;    -   c) alkyl; and    -   d) aryl; or

each R^(7a) and R^(7b) taken together with the carbon atom to which theyare attached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted cycloalkylor a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo;

m is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

R⁸ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;

R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;

A² is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) optionally substituted aryl;    -   b) optionally substituted heteroaryl;    -   c) optionally substituted heterocyclo; and    -   d) optionally substituted cycloalkyl; or

A² is absent;

E is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydroxy;    -   b) alkoxy; and    -   c) —NR¹R²;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) alkyl;    -   c) aralkyl;    -   d) (heterocyclo)alkyl;    -   e) (heteroaryl)alkyl;    -   f) (amino)alkyl;    -   g) (alkylamino)alkyl;    -   h) (dialkylamino)alkyl;    -   i) (carboxamido)alkyl;    -   j) (cyano)alkyl;    -   k) alkoxyalkyl;    -   l) hydroxyalkyl; and    -   m) heteroalkyl;

R² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; or

R¹ and R² taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) halo;    -   c) nitro;    -   d) cyano;    -   e) hydroxy;    -   f) amino;    -   g) alkylamino;    -   h) dialkylamino;    -   i) haloalkyl;    -   j) hydroxyalkyl;    -   k) alkoxy;    -   l) haloalkoxy; and    -   m) alkoxyalkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of —NR⁵— and —O—;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   c) hydroxyalkyl;    -   d) hydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl; and    -   e) (heterocyclo)alkyl;

each R^(10a), R^(10b), R^(10c), and R^(10d) is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) hydroxy;    -   c) optionally substituted alkyl;    -   d) aralkyl;    -   e) (heterocyclo)alkyl;    -   f) (heteroaryl)alkyl;    -   g) (amino)alkyl;    -   h) (alkylamino)alkyl;    -   i) (dialkylamino)alkyl;    -   j) (carboxamido)alkyl;    -   k) (cyano)alkyl;    -   l) alkoxyalkyl;    -   m) hydroxyalkyl;    -   n) heteroalkyl;    -   o) optionally substituted cycloalkyl;    -   p) optionally substituted aryl;    -   q) optionally substituted heterocyclo; and    -   r) optionally substituted heteroaryl; or

R^(10a) and R^(10b) taken together with the carbon atom to which theyare attached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted cycloalkylor a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo;

r is 1, 2, or 3;

s is 1, 2, or 3;

R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydroxy;    -   b) alkoxy; and    -   c) —NR^(1a)R^(2a);

R^(1a) is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) alkyl;    -   c) aralkyl;    -   d) (heterocyclo)alkyl;    -   e) (heteroaryl)alkyl;    -   f) (amino)alkyl;    -   g) (alkylamino)alkyl;    -   h) (dialkylamino)alkyl;    -   i) (carboxamido)alkyl;    -   j) (cyano)alkyl;    -   k) alkoxyalkyl;    -   l) hydroxyalkyl; and    -   m) heteroalkyl;

R^(2a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; or

R^(1a) and R^(2a) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo;

R¹² is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) optionally substituted alkyl;    -   c) (amino)alkyl;    -   d) (alkylamino)alkyl;    -   e) (dialkylamino)alkyl;    -   f) (carboxamido)alkyl;    -   g) (cyano)alkyl;    -   h) alkoxyalkyl;    -   i) hydroxyalkyl; and    -   j) heteroalkyl;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen    -   b) alkyl;    -   c) hydroxyalkyl; and    -   d) alkylsulfonyl; or

R⁴ and R⁵ taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein when Z is —NR⁵— and R⁴ and R⁵taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo, then R¹ is selectedfrom the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) (heterocyclo)alkyl;    -   c) (heteroaryl)alkyl;    -   d) (amino)alkyl;    -   e) (alkylamino)alkyl;    -   f) (dialkylamino)alkyl;    -   g) (carboxamido)alkyl;    -   h) (cyano)alkyl;    -   i) alkoxyalkyl;    -   j) hydroxyalkyl; and    -   k) heteroalkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein when Z is —NR⁵—, R⁴ and R⁵ takentogether with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 3- to8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo, and A² is absent, then Xis selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) —O—;    -   b) —S—;    -   c) —SO—;    -   d) —SO₂—    -   e) —(CR^(7a)R^(7b))_(m)—;    -   f) —SO₂NR⁹—; and    -   g) —NR⁹SO₂—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein A² is selected from the groupconsisting of:

-   -   a) optionally substituted aryl;    -   b) optionally substituted heteroaryl;    -   c) optionally substituted heterocyclo; and    -   d) optionally substituted cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein X is selected from the groupconsisting of:

-   -   a) —O—;    -   b) —S—;    -   c) —SO—;    -   d) —SO₂—    -   e) —(CR^(7a)R^(7b))—;    -   f) —SO₂NR⁹—; and    -   g) —NR⁹SO₂—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryland optionally substituted heteroaryl;

X is —O—;

A² is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) optionally substituted aryl, e.g., optionally substituted        phenyl;    -   b) optionally substituted heteroaryl, e.g., optionally        substituted pyridyl;    -   c) optionally substituted heterocyclo, e.g., optionally        substituted piperidinyl, optionally substituted piperazinyl, or        optionally substituted azetidinyl; and    -   d) optionally substituted cycloalkyl, e.g., optionally        substituted cyclohexenyl, or optionally substituted cyclohexyl;        and

E is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —OMe, —OtBu, and —NH₂.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein when Z is —NR⁵— and R⁴ and R⁵taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo, then R¹ is selectedfrom the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) (heterocyclo)alkyl;    -   c) (heteroaryl)alkyl;    -   d) (amino)alkyl;    -   e) (alkylamino)alkyl;    -   f) (dialkylamino)alkyl;    -   g) (carboxamido)alkyl;    -   h) (cyano)alkyl;    -   i) alkoxyalkyl;    -   j) hydroxyalkyl; and    -   k) heteroalkyl, and

A² is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) optionally substituted aryl;    -   b) optionally substituted heteroaryl;    -   c) optionally substituted heterocyclo; and    -   d) optionally substituted cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula II:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof, wherein A¹, X, E, R⁴, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined above inconnection with Formula I, and R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independentlyselected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) halo;    -   c) nitro;    -   d) cyano;    -   e) hydroxy;    -   f) amino;    -   g) alkylamino;    -   h) dialkylamino;    -   i) haloalkyl;    -   j) hydroxyalkyl;    -   k) alkoxy;    -   l) haloalkoxy;    -   m) carboxy; and    -   n) alkoxycarbonyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula III:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof, wherein A¹, X, E, R⁴, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined above inconnection with Formula I, and R^(6a) and R^(6b) are as defined above inconnection with Formula II.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula IV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof, wherein A¹, X, E, R⁴, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined above inconnection with Formula I, and R^(6a) and R^(6b) are as defined above inconnection with Formula II.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula V:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof, wherein A¹, X, E, R⁴, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined above inconnection with Formula I, and R^(6a) and R^(6b) are as defined above inconnection with Formula II.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula VI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvatesthereof, wherein A¹, R¹, R², R⁴, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined abovein connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula VII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvatesthereof, wherein A¹, R¹, R², R⁴, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined abovein connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula VII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl,e.g., optionally substituted phenyl, and optionally substitutedheteroaryl, e.g., optionally substituted pyridyl; and

R¹ and R² are hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula VIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvatesthereof, wherein A¹, R¹, R², R⁴, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined abovein connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula VIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl,e.g., optionally substituted phenyl, and aralkyl, e.g., benzyl, or—CH(4-F-Ph)₂; and

R¹ and R² are hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula IX:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvatesthereof, wherein A¹, R¹, R², R⁴, W¹, W², W³, X, and Z are as definedabove in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula IX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH;

X is —O—;

A¹ is optionally substituted aryl, e.g., optionally substituted phenyl;and

R¹ and R² are hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula XII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvatesthereof, wherein A¹, R¹, R², R⁴, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined abovein connection with Formula I, t is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and u is 1, 2, 3, or4.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula XII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein t and u are 1.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula XII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein t and u are 2.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula XII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH;

A¹ is optionally substituted aryl, e.g., phenyl;

R¹ and R² are hydrogen; and

t and u are 1; or

t and u are 2.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula XIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvatesthereof, wherein A¹, R¹, R², R⁴, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined abovein connection with Formula I, v is 1, 2, 3, or 4, w is 1, 2, 3, or 4,and

represents a single bond or a double bond.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein v and w are 2.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH;

A¹ is optionally substituted aryl, e.g., optionally substituted phenyl;

R¹ and R² are hydrogen; and

v and w are 2.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R³ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein W¹ and W² are N and W³ isCH.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein W¹ and W³ are N and W² isCH.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein W² and W³ are N and W¹ isCH.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein Z is —O—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein Z is —NR⁵—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein Z is —NR⁵— and R⁴ and R⁵taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a5- or 6-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein Z is —NR⁵— and R⁴ and R⁵taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a5- or 6-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo selected from thegroup consisting of:

wherein:

R^(13a), R^(13b), R^(13c), R^(13d), R^(13e), and R^(13f) are eachindependently selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) hydroxy;    -   c) hydroxyalkyl;    -   d) carboxy;    -   e) alkoxycarbonyl; and    -   f) carboxamido;

Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NR¹⁴; and

R¹⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein Z is —NR⁵— and R⁴ and R⁵taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a6-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo selected from the groupconsisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein:

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   b) hydroxyalkyl; and    -   c) hydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl;

R^(10a) is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) optionally substituted alkyl;    -   c) aralkyl;    -   e) (heteroaryl)alkyl;    -   f) (amino)alkyl;    -   g) (alkylamino)alkyl;    -   h) (dialkylamino)alkyl;    -   i) (carboxamido)alkyl;    -   k) alkoxyalkyl; and    -   l) hydroxyalkyl;

R^(10b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; or

R^(10a) and R^(10b) taken together with the carbon atom to which theyare attached form a 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl; and

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkylsulfonyl;or

R⁴ and R⁵ taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R⁴ is:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R⁴ is:

and

R^(10a) and R^(10b) taken together with the carbon atom to which theyare attached form a 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R¹¹ is —NR^(1a)R^(2a), andR^(1a) and R^(2a) are as defined above.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R¹¹ is —NR^(1a)R^(2a),R^(1a) is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl,and R^(2a) is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R¹¹ is —NR^(1a)R^(2a) andR^(1a) and R^(2a) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached form a 5- or 6-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R¹¹ is —NR^(1a)R^(2a) andR^(1a) and R^(2a) are hydrogen, i.e., R¹¹ is amino.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R⁴ is:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R⁴ is selected from thegroup consisting of:

wherein, R^(10a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen andalkyl; and

R^(10b) is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) hydroxy; and    -   c) alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R⁴ is selected from thegroup consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R⁴ is selected from thegroup consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R⁴ is hydroxyalkyl orhydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R⁴ is hydroxyalkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R⁴ is a hydroxyalkyl orhydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein A¹ is selected from thegroup consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionallysubstituted heteroaryl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein A¹ is optionallysubstituted aryl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormula VIII, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein A¹ is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally substituted aryl and aralkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormula I, with the proviso that when A² is absent, then X is —O— and A¹is optionally substituted aryl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, with the proviso that when A² is absent,then X is —(CR^(7a)R^(7b))_(m)—, m is 0, and A¹ is optionallysubstituted heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compoundsrepresented by Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein A² is an optionally substitutedC₄₋₈ cycloalkyl that is partially unsaturated, i.e., A² is an optionallysubstituted C₄₋₈ cycloalkenyl. In another embodiment, A² is a C₆cycloalkenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormula IX, wherein A¹ is optionally substituted aryl and X is —O—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein A¹ is optionallysubstituted aryl and the optional substituents are chosen from the groupconsisting of halo, cyano, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, andhaloalkoxy.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein E is —NR¹R².

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein E is —NR¹R², R¹ isselected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) (heterocyclo)alkyl;    -   c) (heteroaryl)alkyl;    -   d) (amino)alkyl;    -   e) (alkylamino)alkyl;    -   f) (dialkylamino)alkyl;    -   g) (carboxamido)alkyl;    -   h) (cyano)alkyl;    -   i) alkoxyalkyl;    -   j) hydroxyalkyl; and    -   k) heteroalkyl, and

R² is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-IX, XII, or XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein E is —NH₂.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-V, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs andsolvates thereof, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) —O—;    -   b) —S—;    -   c) —(CR^(7a)R^(7b))_(m)—; and    -   d) —NR⁸—;

wherein R^(7a), R^(7b), and R⁸ are hydrogen, and m is 0 or 1.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-V, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs andsolvates thereof, wherein R³ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) hydrogen;    -   b) halo;    -   c) nitro;    -   d) cyano;    -   e) amino;    -   f) alkylamino;    -   g) dialkylamino;    -   h) haloalkyl;    -   i) hydroxyalkyl;    -   j) alkoxy;    -   k) haloalkoxy; and    -   l) alkoxyalkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormula X:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof, wherein A¹, R^(1a), R^(2a), W¹, W², W³, and Z are as definedabove in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormula XI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof, wherein A¹, R^(1a), R^(2a), W¹, W², W³, and Z are as definedabove in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae X or XI, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH; or

W¹ and W³ are N and W² is CH; or

W² and W³ are N and W¹ is CH;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substitutedphenyl and optionally substituted pyridyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of —O— and —NH—;

R^(1a) is selected from the group consisting of:

a) hydrogen;

b) alkyl;

c) (amino)alkyl;

d) (alkylamino)alkyl;

e) (dialkylamino)alkyl;

f) (carboxamido)alkyl; and

g) hydroxyalkyl; and

R^(2a) is hydrogen; or

R^(1a) and R^(2a) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-memberedheterocyclo, e.g., pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine,N-methylpiperazine, morpholine,

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae X or XI, wherein A¹ is optionally substituted phenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae X or XI, wherein Z is —NH—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae X or XI, wherein Z is —O—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae X or XI, wherein R^(1a) and R^(2a) are hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae X or XI, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substitutedphenyl and optionally substituted pyridyl;

Z is —O—; and

R^(1a) and R^(2a) are is hydrogen,

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormula XIV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof, wherein A¹, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined above inconnection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormula XV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof, wherein A¹, W¹, W², W³, and Z are as defined above inconnection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae XIV or XV, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH; or

W¹ and W³ are N and W² is CH; or

W² and W³ are N and W¹ is CH;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substitutedphenyl and optionally substituted pyridyl; and

Z is selected from the group consisting of —O— and —NH—,

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae XIV or XV, wherein A¹ is optionally substituted phenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae XIV or XV, wherein A¹ is optionally substituted pyridyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae XIV or XV, wherein Z is —NH—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae XIV or XV, wherein Z is —O—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds ofFormulae XIV or XV, wherein:

W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substitutedphenyl and optionally substituted pyridyl; and

Z is —NH—,

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and prodrugsthereof.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-XV, wherein A¹ is substituted pyridyl having one or twosubstituents or substituted phenyl having one, two, or threesubstituents.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-XV, wherein A¹ is substituted pyridyl having one or twosubstituents or substituted phenyl having one, two, or threesubstituents, wherein each substituent is independently selected fromthe group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, amino, haloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, and alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-XV, wherein A¹ is substituted pyridyl having onesubstituent or substituted phenyl having one or two substituents,wherein each substituent is independently selected from the groupconsisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, amino, haloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, and alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of anyof Formulae I-XV, wherein A¹ is substituted pyridyl having onesubstituent or substituted phenyl having one or two substituents,wherein each substituent is independently selected from the groupconsisting of fluoro, chloro, cyano, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, (e.g., F₃C—),C₁₋₄haloalkoxy, (e.g., F₃CO—), C₁₋₄alkoxy, and C₁₋₄alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Invention are compounds of TABLE2, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, and solvatesthereof.

TABLE 2 Compound Example No. Structure 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

The chemical names of the compound examples are provided in TABLE 3.

TABLE 3 Compound Example No. Chemical Name 1(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4- fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 2 6-((2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl) pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 3(S)-6-((1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl) pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 4(S)-6-((1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl) pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 5(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4- fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 6(S)-6-((1-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1- oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine- 4-carboxamide 7(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((2-oxopyrrolidin-3- yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 8 6-((1-carbamoylcyclopropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl) pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 96-((1-carbamoylcyclobutyl)amino)-2-(4-(4- fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 106-((1-amino-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 11(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 12(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(3-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 13(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide 14(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl) pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 15 (S)-methyl1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate 16(S)-ethyl 1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)indoline-2-carboxylate 17 ethyl1-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4- fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)cyclopropanecarboxylate 18 methyl 2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-methylpropanoate 196-((3-amino-3-oxopropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 20(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)(methyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 21(R)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 226-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 236-((4-amino-4-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 246-(3-carbamoylpiperidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 254-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine-3-carboxamide 264-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine-2-carboxamide 27 6-(2-carbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 28(S)-2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoic acid 29(S)-6-(2-carboxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid 30(S)-1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 31(S)-1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)indoline-2-carboxylic acid 32(S)-tert-butyl 2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate 33(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid 34 (S)-tert-butyl6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate 35(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid 36(S)-1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)indoline-2-carboxamide 37(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 38S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 39 (S)-methyl2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate 40(S)-6-((1-carboxyethyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid 412-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 42(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 43(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 442-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 452-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(((1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 46(S)-6-((2,3-dihydroxypropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 476-((1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 482-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 496-(3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 50(S)-6-((3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 51(S)-3-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2- hydroxypropanoic acid 526-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 536-(N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)methylsulfonamido)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 54(S)-2-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 55(S)-4-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide 56(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 57(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((4-trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide 58(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((3-trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide 59(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((6-trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide 60(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((6-trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide 61(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((6-fluoropyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 62(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5-fluoropyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 63(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5-chloropyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 64(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 656-((S)-1-Carbamoyl-ethylamino)-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid amide 666-((S)-1-Carbamoyl-ethylamino)-2-[4-(4-cyano-phenoxy)-phenyl]-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid amide 67(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)-4-chlorophenoxy)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 68(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 69(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(6-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 70(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 71(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 72(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-(pyridazin-4-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 73(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 746-(3-carbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 75(S)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 76(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 77(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 78(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 796-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 806-((3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 816-(2-carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 826-(2-carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 836-(2-carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 84(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 85(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 866-(2-carbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 87(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 88(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide 89(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 90(S)-2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)phenyl)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 91(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 92(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 93(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 94(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide 95(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-morpholino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 96 (S)-methyl5-(4-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-carbamoylpyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(4-fluorophenoxy)benzoate 97(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide 98(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 99(S)-6-((2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide 100(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4- cyanophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 101(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)azetidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 1026-(((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide 1036-(((S)-1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkyl” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to a straight- orbranched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing one to twelve carbonatoms (i.e., C₁₋₁₂ alkyl) or the number of carbon atoms designated(i.e., a C₁ alkyl such as methyl, a C₂ alkyl such as ethyl, a C₃ alkylsuch as propyl or isopropyl, etc.). In one embodiment, the alkyl groupis chosen from a straight chain C₁₋₁₀ alkyl group. In anotherembodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a branched chain C₁₋₁₀ alkylgroup. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straightchain C₁₋₆ alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosenfrom a branched chain C₁₋₆ alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkylgroup is chosen from a straight chain C₁₋₄ alkyl group. In anotherembodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a branched chain C₁₋₄ alkylgroup. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straightor branched chain C₂₋₄ alkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary C₁₋₁₀ alkylgroups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl,tert-butyl, iso-butyl, 3-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, andthe like. Non-limiting exemplary C₁₋₄ alkyl groups include methyl,ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and iso-butyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionallysubstituted alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group meansthat the alkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substitutedwith one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from nitro,haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl,arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy,carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, and the like. In one embodiment, theoptionally substituted alkyl is substituted with two substituents. Inanother embodiment, the optionally substituted alkyl is substituted withone substituent. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted alkylgroups include —CH₂CH₂NO₂, —CH₂CH₂CO₂H, —CH₂CH₂SO₂CH₃, —CH₂CH₂COPh,—CH₂C₆H₁₁, and the like.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkyl” as usedby itself or as part of another group refers to saturated and partiallyunsaturated (containing one or two double bonds) cyclic aliphatichydrocarbons containing one to three rings having from three to twelvecarbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl) or the number of carbonsdesignated. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has two rings. Inone embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has one ring. In anotherembodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C₃-8 cycloalkyl group.In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C₃-6cycloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary cycloalkyl groups includecyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl,cyclooctyl, norbornyl, decalin, adamantyl, cyclohexenyl, and the like.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionallysubstituted cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another groupmeans that the cycloalkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted orsubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosenfrom halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy,alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl,alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl,alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo,alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl,(dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl,(heterocyclo)alkyl, and (heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, theoptionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with two substituents.In another embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl issubstituted with one substituent. Non-limiting exemplary optionallysubstituted cycloalkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkenyl” asused by itself or part of another group refers to a partiallyunsaturated cycloalkyl group as defined above. In one embodiment, thecycloalkenyl has one carbon-to-carbon double bond. In anotherembodiment, the cycloalkenyl group is chosen from a C₄₋₈ cycloalkenylgroup. Exemplary cycloalkenyl groups include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyland the like.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionallysubstituted cycloalkenyl” as used by itself or as part of another groupmeans that the cycloalkenyl as defined above is either unsubstituted orsubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosenfrom halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,haloalkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy,aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl,arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy,carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl,heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino,(alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl,(carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and(heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substitutedcycloalkenyl is substituted with two substituents. In anotherembodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkenyl is substituted withone substituent. In another embodiment, the cycloalkenyl isunsubstituted.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkenyl” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as definedabove containing one, two or three carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In oneembodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group. Inanother embodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₄ alkenylgroup. Non-limiting exemplary alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl,isopropenyl, butenyl, sec-butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionallysubstituted alkenyl” as used herein by itself or as part of anothergroup means the alkenyl as defined above is either unsubstituted orsubstituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosenfrom halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy,alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl,alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl,alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkynyl” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as definedabove containing one to three carbon-to-carbon triple bonds. In oneembodiment, the alkynyl has one carbon-to-carbon triple bond. In oneembodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group. Inanother embodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₄ alkynylgroup. Non-limiting exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl,butynyl, 2-butynyl, pentynyl, and hexynyl groups.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionallysubstituted alkynyl” as used herein by itself or as part of anothergroup means the alkynyl as defined above is either unsubstituted orsubstituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosenfrom halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy,alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl,alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl,alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “haloalkyl” as usedby itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted by one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodineatoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is substituted by one, two, orthree fluorine and/or chlorine atoms. In another embodiment, thehaloalkyl group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ haloalkyl group. Non-limitingexemplary haloalkyl groups include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, andtrichloromethyl groups.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “hydroxyalkyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one or more, e.g., one, two, or three, hydroxy groups.In one embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is a monohydroxyalkyl group,i.e., substituted with one hydroxy group. In another embodiment, thehydroxyalkyl group is a dihydroxyalkyl group, i.e., substituted with twohydroxy groups. In another embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is chosenfrom a C₁₋₄ hydroxyalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary hydroxyalkylgroups include hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl andhydroxybutyl groups, such as 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl,1,2-dihydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl,4-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl, and 1,3-dihydroxyprop-2-yl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(cycloalkyl)alkyl”as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with at least one optionally substituted cycloalkyl group.Non-limiting exemplary (cycloalkyl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term“hydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another grouprefers to (cycloalkyl)alkyl group substituted with at least one hydroxygroup. The hydroxy group(s) can be at any available position.Non-limiting exemplary hydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkoxy” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substitutedalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted alkenylor optionally substituted alkynyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. Inone embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group. Inanother embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkylattached to a terminal oxygen atom, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, andtert-butoxy.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylthio” as usedby itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfur atomsubstituted by an optionally substituted alkyl group. In one embodiment,the alkylthio group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkylthio group. Non-limitingexemplary alkylthio groups include —SCH₃, and —SCH₂CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkoxyalkyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with an alkoxy group. Non-limiting exemplary alkoxyalkylgroups include methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, methoxybutyl,ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, ethoxybutyl, propoxymethyl,iso-propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl, propoxypropyl, butoxymethyl,tert-butoxymethyl, isobutoxymethyl, sec-butoxymethyl, andpentyloxymethyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heteroalkyl” asused by itself or part of another group refers to a stable straight orbranched chain hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms andat least two heteroatoms, which can be the same or different, selectedfrom O, N, or S, wherein: 1) the nitrogen atom(s) and sulfur atom(s) canoptionally be oxidized; and/or 2) the nitrogen atom(s) can optionally bequaternized. The heteroatoms can be placed at any interior position ofthe heteroalkyl group or at a position at which the heteroalkyl group isattached to the remainder of the molecule. In one embodiment, theheteroalkyl group contains two oxygen atoms. Non-limiting exemplaryheteroalkyl groups include —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃,—CH—₂NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂, —OCH₂CH₂NH₂, and —NHCH₂CH₂N(H)CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “haloalkoxy” as usedby itself or as part of another group refers to a haloalkyl attached toa terminal oxygen atom. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkoxy groups includefluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aryl” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to a monocyclic or bicyclicaromatic ring system having from six to fourteen carbon atoms (i.e.,C₆-C₁₄ aryl). Non-limiting exemplary aryl groups include phenyl(abbreviated as “Ph”), naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracyl, indenyl,azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl, and fluorenyl groups. In oneembodiment, the aryl group is chosen from phenyl or naphthyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionallysubstituted aryl” as used herein by itself or as part of another groupmeans that the aryl as defined above is either unsubstituted orsubstituted with one to five substituents independently chosen fromhalo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio,carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl,cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo,alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl,(dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl,(heterocyclo)alkyl, or (heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, theoptionally substituted aryl is an optionally substituted phenyl. In oneembodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has four substituents. Inanother embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has threesubstituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenylhas two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substitutedphenyl has one substituent. Non-limiting exemplary substituted arylgroups include 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl,2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl,3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl,4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-di-fluorophenyl,2,6-di-chlorophenyl, 2-methyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-ethyl,3-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-di-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-di-fluorophenyl3,5-di-methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxy, 4-methylphenyl,2-fluoro-3-chlorophenyl, and 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl. The termoptionally substituted aryl is meant to include groups having fusedoptionally substituted cycloalkyl and fused optionally substitutedheterocyclo rings. Examples include

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aryloxy” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substitutedaryl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplaryaryloxy group is PhO—.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aralkyloxy” as usedby itself or as part of another group refers to an aralkyl groupattached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aralkyloxygroup is PhCH₂O—.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heteroaryl” or“heteroaromatic” refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic ring systemshaving 5 to 14 ring atoms (i.e., C₅-C₁₄ heteroaryl) and 1, 2, 3, or 4heteroatoms independently chosen from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Inone embodiment, the heteroaryl has three heteroatoms. In anotherembodiment, the heteroaryl has two heteroatoms. In another embodiment,the heteroaryl has one heteroatom. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl isa C₅ heteroaryl. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl is a C₆heteroaryl. Non-limiting exemplary heteroaryl groups include thienyl,benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl, benzofuryl,pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzooxazonyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl,2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolyl, indazolyl,purinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl,cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, pteridinyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbazolyl,3-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl,phenazinyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazolyl, isoxazolyl,furazanyl, and phenoxazinyl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is chosenfrom thienyl (e.g., thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl), furyl (e.g., 2-furyl and3-furyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1H-pyrrol-2-yl and 1H-pyrrol-3-yl), imidazolyl(e.g., 2H-imidazol-2-yl and 2H-imidazol-4-yl), pyrazolyl (e.g.,1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 1H-pyrazol-4-yl, and 1H-pyrazol-5-yl), pyridyl (e.g.,pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl), pyrimidinyl (e.g.,pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, and pyrimidin-5-yl),thiazolyl (e.g., thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, and thiazol-5-yl),isothiazolyl (e.g., isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, andisothiazol-5-yl), oxazolyl (e.g., oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, andoxazol-5-yl) and isoxazolyl (e.g., isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, andisoxazol-5-yl). The term “heteroaryl” is also meant to include possibleN-oxides. Exemplary N-oxides include pyridyl N-oxide and the like.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionallysubstituted heteroaryl” as used by itself or as part of another groupmeans that the heteroaryl as defined above is either unsubstituted orsubstituted with one to four substituents, e.g., one or twosubstituents, independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy,amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido,alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido,guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl,hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl,(carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and(heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substitutedheteroaryl has one substituent. In one embodiment, the optionallysubstituted is an optionally substituted pyridyl, i.e., 2-, 3-, or4-pyridyl. Any available carbon or nitrogen atom can be substituted. Inanother embodiment, the optionally substituted heteroaryl is anoptionally substituted indole.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heterocycle” or“heterocyclo” as used by itself or as part of another group refers tosaturated and partially unsaturated (e.g., containing one or two doublebonds) cyclic groups containing one, two, or three rings having fromthree to fourteen ring members (i.e., a 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo)and at least one heteroatom. Each heteroatom is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, including sulfoxide andsulfone, and/or nitrogen atoms, which can be quaternized. The term“heterocyclo” is meant to include cyclic ureido groups such as2-imidazolidinone and cyclic amide groups such as β-lactam, γ-lactam,δ-lactam and ε-lactam. The term “heterocyclo” is also meant to includegroups having fused optionally substituted aryl groups, e.g., indolinyl.In one embodiment, the heterocyclo group is chosen from a 5- or6-membered cyclic group containing one ring and one or two oxygen and/ornitrogen atoms. The heterocyclo can be optionally linked to the rest ofthe molecule through a carbon or nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplaryheterocyclo groups include 2-imidazolidinone, piperidinyl, morpholinyl,piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, and indolinyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionallysubstituted heterocyclo” as used herein by itself or part of anothergroup means the heterocyclo as defined above is either unsubstituted orsubstituted with one to four substituents independently selected fromhalo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio,carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl,cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo,alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl,(dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl,(heterocyclo)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, and the like. Substitution mayoccur on any available carbon or nitrogen atom, and may form aspirocycle. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted heterocyclogroups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “amino” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to —NH₂.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylamino” as usedby itself or as part of another group refers to —NHR¹⁵, wherein R¹⁵ isalkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “dialkylamino” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(16a)R^(16b),wherein R^(16a) and R^(16b) are each independently alkyl or R^(16a) andR^(16b) are taken together to form a 3- to 8-membered optionallysubstituted heterocyclo.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “hydroxyalkylamino”as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NHR¹⁷, whereinR¹⁷ is hydroxyalkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “arylamino” as usedby itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(18a)R^(18b),wherein R^(18a) is optionally substituted aryl and R^(18b) is hydrogenor alkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkylamino” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(19a)R^(19b),wherein R^(19a) is optionally substituted cycloalkyl and R^(19b) ishydrogen or alkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heteroarylamino” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(20a)R^(20b)wherein R^(20a) is optionally substituted heteroaryl and R^(20b) ishydrogen or alkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heterocycloamino”as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(21a)R^(21b)wherein R^(21a) is optionally substituted heterocyclo and R^(21b) ishydrogen or alkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(amino)alkyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with an amino group. Non-limiting exemplary amino alkylgroups include —CH₂CH₂NH₂, —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ and the like.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “diaminoalkyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers an alkyl groupsubstituted with two amino groups. A non-limiting exemplary diaminoalkylincludes —CH₂CH(NH₂)CH₂CH₂NH₂.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(alkylamino)alkyl”as used by itself or as part of another group refers alkyl groupsubstituted an alkylamino group. A non-limiting exemplary(alkylamino)alkyl group is —CH₂CH₂N(H)CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term“(dialkylamino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another grouprefers to an alkyl group substituted by a dialkylamino group. Anon-limiting exemplary (dialkylamino)alkyl group is —CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(cyano)alkyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one or more cyano, e.g., —CN, groups. Non-limitingexemplary (cyano)alkyl groups include —CH₂CH₂CN, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CN, and—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “carboxamido” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical offormula —C(═O)NR^(24a)R^(24b), wherein R^(24a) and R^(24b) are eachindependently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionallysubstituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R^(24a) andR^(24b) taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached froma 3- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. In one embodiment, R^(24a) andR^(24b) are each independently hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl.Non-limiting exemplary carboxamido groups include —CONH₂, —CON(H)CH₃,CON(CH₃)₂, and CON(H)Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(carboxamido)alkyl”as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl groupwith a carboxamido group. Non-limiting exemplary (carboxamido)alkylgroups include —CH₂CONH₂, —C(H)CH₃—CONH₂, and —CH₂CON(H)CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “sulfonamido” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of theformula —SO₂NR^(23a)R^(23b), wherein R^(23a) and R^(23b) are eachindependently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionallysubstituted aryl, or R^(23a) and R^(23b) taken together with thenitrogen to which they are attached from a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclogroup. Non-limiting exemplary sulfonamido groups include —SO₂NH₂,—SO₂N(H)CH₃, and —SO₂N(H)Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylcarbonyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group,i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkyl group. A non-limiting exemplaryalkylcarbonyl group is —COCH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “arylcarbonyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group,i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an optionally substituted aryl group. Anon-limiting exemplary arylcarbonyl group is —COPh.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylsulfonyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group,i.e., —SO₂—, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionallysubstituted alkyl groups. A non-limiting exemplary alkylsulfonyl groupis —SO₂CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “arylsulfonyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group,i.e., —SO₂—, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionallysubstituted aryl groups. A non-limiting exemplary arylsulfonyl group is—SO₂Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “mercaptoalkyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to any of theabove-mentioned alkyl groups substituted by a —SH group.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “carboxy” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula—COOH.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “carboxyalkyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to any of theabove-mentioned alkyl groups substituted with a —COOH. A non-limitingexemplary carboxyalkyl group is —CH₂CO₂H.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkoxycarbonyl” asused by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group,i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkoxy group. Non-limiting exemplaryalkoxycarbonyl groups are —CO₂Me and —CO₂Et.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aralkyl” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substitutedwith one, two, or three optionally substituted aryl groups. In oneembodiment, the aralkyl group is a C₁₋₄ alkyl substituted with oneoptionally substituted aryl group. Non-limiting exemplary aralkyl groupsinclude benzyl, phenethyl, —CHPh₂, and —CH(4-F-Ph)₂.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “ureido” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula—NR^(22a)—C(═O)—NR^(22b)R^(22c), wherein R^(22a) is hydrogen, alkyl, oroptionally substituted aryl, and R^(22b) and R^(22c) are eachindependently hydrogen, alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, orR^(22b) and R^(22c) taken together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a 4- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. Non-limitingexemplary ureido groups include —NH—C(C═O)—NH₂ and —NH—C(C═O)—NHCH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “guanidino” as usedby itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula—NR^(25a)—C(═NR²⁶)NR^(25b)R^(25c), wherein R^(25a), R^(25b), and R^(25c)are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl,and R²⁶ is hydrogen, alkyl, cyano, alkylsulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl,carboxamido, or sulfonamido. Non-limiting exemplary guanidino groupsinclude —NH—C(C═NH)—NH₂, —NH—C(C═NCN)—NH₂, —NH—C(C═NH)—NHCH₃ and thelike.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “azido” as used byitself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula—N₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(heterocyclo)alkyl”as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted heterocyclogroups. In one embodiment, the (heterocyclo)alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkylsubstituted with one optionally substituted heterocyclo group.Non-limiting exemplary (heterocyclo)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(heteroaryl)alkyl”as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted heteroarylgroups. In one embodiment, the (heteroaryl)alkyl group is a C₁₋₄ alkylsubstituted with one optionally substituted heteroaryl group.Non-limiting exemplary (heteroaryl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylcarbonylamino”as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkylcarbonylgroup attached to an amino. A non-limiting exemplary alkylcarbonylaminogroup is —NHCOCH₃.

The present disclosure encompasses prodrugs of any of the disclosedcompounds. As used herein, prodrugs are considered to be any covalentlybonded carriers that release the active parent drug in vivo. In general,such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of Compounds of theInvention which will be readily convertible in vivo, e.g., by beingmetabolized, into the required Compound of the Invention. Conventionalprocedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrugderivatives are described in, for example, Design of Prodrugs, H.Bundgaard ed., Elsevier (1985); “Drug and Enzyme Targeting, Part A,” K.Widder et al. eds., Vol. 112 in Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press(1985); Bundgaard, “Design and Application of Prodrugs,” Chapter 5 (pp.113-191) in A Textbook of Drug Design and Development, P.Krogsgaard-Larsen and H. Bundgaard eds., Harwood Academic Publishers(1991); Bundgaard et al., Adv. Drug Delivery Revs. 8:1-38 (1992);Bundgaard et al., J. Pharmaceut. Sci. 77:285 (1988); and Kakeya et al.,Chem. Pharm. Bull. 32:692 (1984). Non-limiting examples of prodrugsinclude esters or amides of Compounds of the Invention havinghydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl as a substituent, and these can be preparedby reacting such parent compounds with anhydrides such as succinicanhydride.

The present disclosure encompasses any of the Compounds of the Inventionbeing isotopically-labelled (i.e., radiolabeled) by having one or moreatoms replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number.Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosedcompounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen,phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, such as ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N,¹⁸O, ¹⁷O, ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, and ³⁶Cl, respectively, e.g., ³H, ¹¹C, and¹⁴C. Isotopically-labeled Compounds of the Invention can be prepared bymethods known in the art.

The present disclosure encompasses ³H, ¹¹C, or ¹⁴C radiolabeledCompounds of the Invention and the use of any such compounds asradioligands for their ability to bind to the sodium channel. Forexample, one use of the labeled compounds of the present disclosure isthe characterization of specific receptor binding. Another use of alabeled Compound of the Invention is an alternative to animal testingfor the evaluation of structure-activity relationships. For example, thereceptor assay can be performed at a fixed concentration of a labeledCompound of the Invention and at increasing concentrations of a testcompound in a competition assay. For example, a tritiated Compound ofthe Invention can be prepared by introducing tritium into the particularcompound, for example, by catalytic dehalogenation with tritium. Thismethod may include reacting a suitably halogen-substituted precursor ofthe compound with tritium gas in the presence of a suitable catalyst,for example, Pd/C, in the presence or absence of a base. Other suitablemethods for preparing tritiated compounds can be found in Filer,Isotopes in the Physical and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 1, LabeledCompounds (Part A), Chapter 6 (1987). ¹⁴C-labeled compounds can beprepared by employing starting materials having a ¹⁴C carbon.

Some of the Compounds of the Invention may contain one or moreasymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers,and other stereoisomeric forms. The present disclosure is meant toencompass the use of all such possible forms, as well as their racemicand resolved forms and mixtures thereof. The individual enantiomers canbe separated according to methods known in the art in view of thepresent disclosure. When the compounds described herein contain olefinicdouble bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unlessspecified otherwise, it is intended that they include both E and Zgeometric isomers. All tautomers are intended to be encompassed by thepresent disclosure as well.

As used herein, the term “stereoisomers” is a general term for allisomers of individual molecules that differ only in the orientation oftheir atoms in space. It includes enantiomers and isomers of compoundswith more than one chiral center that are not mirror images of oneanother (diastereomers).

The term “chiral center” refers to a carbon atom to which four differentgroups are attached.

The terms “enantiomer” and “enantiomeric” refer to a molecule thatcannot be superimposed on its mirror image and hence is optically activewherein the enantiomer rotates the plane of polarized light in onedirection and its mirror image compound rotates the plane of polarizedlight in the opposite direction.

The term “racemic” refers to a mixture of equal parts of enantiomers andwhich mixture is optically inactive.

The term “resolution” refers to the separation or concentration ordepletion of one of the two enantiomeric forms of a molecule.

The terms “a” and “an” refer to one or more.

The term “treat,” “treating” or “treatment” is meant to encompassadministering to a subject a compound of the present disclosure for thepurposes of amelioration or cure, including preemptive and palliativetreatment. In one embodiment, the term “treat,” “treating” or“treatment” is meant to encompass administering to a subject a compoundof the present disclosure for the purposes of amelioration or cure.

The term “about,” as used herein in connection with a measured quantity,refers to the normal variations in that measured quantity, as expectedby the skilled artisan making the measurement and exercising a level ofcare commensurate with the objective of measurement and the precision ofthe measuring equipment.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of salts ofthe Compounds of the Invention, including non-toxic pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable addition saltsinclude inorganic and organic acid addition salts and basic salts. Thepharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, metalsalts such as sodium salt, potassium salt, cesium salt and the like;alkaline earth metals such as calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like;organic amine salts such as triethylamine salt, pyridine salt, picolinesalt, ethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt,N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine salt and the like; inorganic acid saltssuch as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, sulphate and the like;organic acid salts such as citrate, lactate, tartrate, maleate,fumarate, mandelate, acetate, dichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate,oxalate, formate and the like; sulfonates such as methanesulfonate,benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and the like; and amino acid saltssuch as arginate, asparginate, glutamate and the like.

Acid addition salts can be formed by mixing a solution of the particularCompound of the Invention with a solution of a pharmaceuticallyacceptable non-toxic acid such as hydrochloric acid, fumaric acid,maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid,carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, dichloroacetic acid, or thelike. Basic salts can be formed by mixing a solution of the compound ofthe present disclosure with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptablenon-toxic base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cholinehydroxide, sodium carbonate and the like.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of solvatesof Compounds of the Invention. Solvates typically do not significantlyalter the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds, and assuch may function as pharmacological equivalents. The term “solvate” asused herein is a combination, physical association and/or solvation of acompound of the present disclosure with a solvent molecule such as, e.g.a disolvate, monosolvate or hemisolvate, where the ratio of solventmolecule to compound of the present disclosure is about 2:1, about 1:1or about 1:2, respectively. This physical association involves varyingdegrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. Incertain instances, the solvate can be isolated, such as when one or moresolvent molecules are incorporated into the crystal lattice of acrystalline solid. Thus, “solvate” encompasses both solution-phase andisolatable solvates. Compounds of the Invention can be present assolvated forms with a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, such aswater, methanol, ethanol, and the like, and it is intended that thedisclosure includes both solvated and unsolvated forms of Compounds ofthe Invention. One type of solvate is a hydrate. A “hydrate” relates toa particular subgroup of solvates where the solvent molecule is water.Solvates typically can function as pharmacological equivalents.Preparation of solvates is known in the art. See, for example, M. Cairaet al, J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 93(3):601-611 (2004), which describes thepreparation of solvates of fluconazole with ethyl acetate and withwater. Similar preparation of solvates, hemisolvates, hydrates, and thelike are described by E. C. van Tonder et al., AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech.,5(1):Article 12 (2004), and A. L. Bingham et al., Chem. Commun. 603-604(2001). A typical, non-limiting, process of preparing a solvate wouldinvolve dissolving a Compound of the Invention in a desired solvent(organic, water, or a mixture thereof) at temperatures above 20° C. toabout 25° C., then cooling the solution at a rate sufficient to formcrystals, and isolating the crystals by known methods, e.g., filtration.Analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy can be used toconfirm the presence of the solvent in a crystal of the solvate.

Since Compounds of the Invention are blockers of sodium (Na⁺) channels,a number of diseases and conditions mediated by sodium ion influx can betreated by employing these compounds. The present disclosure is thusdirected generally to a method for treating a disorder responsive to theblockade of sodium channels in an animal suffering from, or at risk ofsuffering from, said disorder, said method comprising administering tothe animal an effective amount of one or more Compounds of theInvention.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of modulatingsodium channels in an animal in need thereof, said method comprisingadministering to the animal a modulating-effective amount of at leastone Compound of the Invention.

More specifically, the present disclosure provides a method of treatingstroke, neuronal damage resulting from head trauma, epilepsy, neuronalloss following global and focal ischemia, pain (e.g., acute pain,chronic pain, which includes but is not limited to neuropathic pain,postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain, or surgical pain), aneurodegenerative disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophiclateral sclerosis (ALS), or Parkinson's disease), migraine, manicdepression, tinnitus, myotonia, a movement disorder, or cardiacarrhythmia, or providing local anesthesia. In one embodiment, thedisclosure provides a method of treating pain. In another embodiment,the type of pain is chronic pain. In another embodiment, the type ofpain is neuropathic pain. In another embodiment, the type of pain ispostoperative pain. In another embodiment, the type of pain isinflammatory pain. In another embodiment, the type of pain is surgicalpain. In another embodiment, the type of pain is acute pain. In anotherembodiment, the treatment of pain (e.g., chronic pain, such asneuropathic pain, postoperative pain, or inflammatory pain, acute painor surgical pain) is preemptive. In another embodiment, the treatment ofpain is palliative. In each instance, such method of treatment requiresadministering to an animal in need of such treatment an amount of aCompound of the Invention that is therapeutically effective in achievingsaid treatment. In one embodiment, the amount of such compound is theamount that is effective to block sodium channels in vitro. In oneembodiment, the amount of such compound is the amount that is effectiveto block sodium channels in vivo.

Chronic pain includes, but is not limited to, inflammatory pain,postoperative pain, cancer pain, osteoarthritis pain associated withmetastatic cancer, trigeminal neuralgia, acute herpetic and postherpeticneuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, causalgia, brachial plexus avulsion,occipital neuralgia, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, fibromyalgia, gout,phantom limb pain, burn pain, and other forms of neuralgia, neuropathic,and idiopathic pain syndromes.

Chronic somatic pain generally results from inflammatory responses totissue injury such as nerve entrapment, surgical procedures, cancer orarthritis (Brower, Nature Biotechnology 18:387-391 (2000)).

The inflammatory process is a complex series of biochemical and cellularevents activated in response to tissue injury or the presence of foreignsubstances (Levine, Inflammatory Pain, In: Textbook of Pain, Wall andMelzack eds., 3^(rd) ed., 1994). Inflammation often occurs at the siteof injured tissue, or foreign material, and contributes to the processof tissue repair and healing. The cardinal signs of inflammation includeerythema (redness), heat, edema (swelling), pain and loss of function(ibid.). The majority of patients with inflammatory pain do notexperience pain continually, but rather experience enhanced pain whenthe inflamed site is moved or touched. Inflammatory pain includes, butis not limited to, that associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoidarthritis.

Chronic neuropathic pain is a heterogeneous disease state with anunclear etiology. In chronic neuropathic pain, the pain can be mediatedby multiple mechanisms. This type of pain generally arises from injuryto the peripheral or central nervous tissue. The syndromes include painassociated with spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, post-herpeticneuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, phantom pain, causalgia, and reflexsympathetic dystrophy and lower back pain. Chronic pain is differentfrom acute pain in that patients suffer the abnormal pain sensationsthat can be described as spontaneous pain, continuous superficialburning and/or deep aching pain. The pain can be evoked by heat-, cold-,and mechano-hyperalgesia or by heat-, cold-, or mechano-allodynia.

Neuropathic pain can be caused by injury or infection of peripheralsensory nerves. It includes, but is not limited to, pain from peripheralnerve trauma, herpes virus infection, diabetes mellitus, causalgia,plexus avulsion, neuroma, limb amputation, and vasculitis. Neuropathicpain is also caused by nerve damage from chronic alcoholism, humanimmunodeficiency virus infection, hypothyroidism, uremia, or vitamindeficiencies. Stroke (spinal or brain) and spinal cord injury can alsoinduce neuropathic pain. Cancer-related neuropathic pain results fromtumor growth compression of adjacent nerves, brain, or spinal cord. Inaddition, cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiationtherapy, can also cause nerve injury. Neuropathic pain includes but isnot limited to pain caused by nerve injury such as, for example, thepain from which diabetics suffer.

The present disclosure is also directed to the use of a Compound of theInvention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disorderresponsive to the blockade of sodium channels (e.g., any of thedisorders listed above) in an animal suffering from said disorder.

General Synthesis of Compounds

Compounds of the Invention are prepared using methods known to thoseskilled in the art in view of this disclosure. For example, compounds ofFormula II can be prepared according to General Scheme 1.

Briefly, 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride (compound A) is madeto react with an amine, HNR¹R², to give a2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide, compound B. Compound B is made toreact with R⁴Z—H, e.g., (S)-methyl 2-aminopropanoate,(S)-2-aminopropanamide, (S)-methyl 3-amino-2-hydroxypropanoate,(S)-ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, to give Compound C. Compound C is made toreact with a dioxaborolane (compound D) to give a compound havingFormula II wherein W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CH. Compounds of Formula IIwherein W¹ and W³ are N and W² is CH are prepared in similar fashionstarting from 4,6-dichloropyrimidine-2-carbonyl chloride, and compoundsof Formula II wherein W² and W³ are N and W¹ is CH are prepared insimilar fashion starting from 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-6-carbonylchloride. Compounds of Formula II wherein A² is optionally substitutedcycloalkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkenyl are prepared insimilar fashion starting from the appropriate dioxaborolane, e.g.,

Compounds of Formula VIII can be prepared according to General Scheme 2:

Briefly, Compound C (See General Scheme 1) is made to react withCompound E to give a compound having Formula VIII wherein W¹ and W² areN and W³ is CH.

Compounds of Formula IX can be prepared according to General Scheme 3:

Briefly, Compound C (See General Scheme 1) is made to react with A¹OH togive a compound having Formula IX wherein W¹ and W² are N, W³ is CH, andX is O.

Testing of Compounds

Compounds of the Invention were assessed by sodium mobilization and/orelectrophysiological assays for sodium channel blocker activity. Oneaspect of the present disclosure is based on the use of the Compounds ofthe Invention as sodium channel blockers. Based upon this property,Compounds of the Invention are considered useful in treating a conditionor disorder responsive to the blockade of sodium ion channels, e.g.,stroke, neuronal damage resulting from head trauma, epilepsy, seizures,general epilepsy with febrile seizures, severe myoclonic epilepsy ininfancy, neuronal loss following global and focal ischemia, migraine,familial primary erythromelalgia, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder,cerebellar atrophy, ataxia, dystonia, tremor, mental retardation,autism, a neurodegenerative disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Parkinson's disease), manicdepression, tinnitus, myotonia, a movement disorder, cardiac arrhythmia,or providing local anesthesia. Compounds of the Invention are alsoexpected to be effective in treating pain, e.g., acute pain, chronicpain, which includes but is not limited to, neuropathic pain,postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain, or surgical pain.

More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to Compounds ofthe Invention that are blockers of sodium channels. According to thepresent disclosure, those compounds having useful sodium channelblocking properties exhibit an IC₅₀ for Na_(v)1.1, Na_(v)1.2, Na_(v)1.3,Na_(v)1.4, Na_(v)1.5, Na_(v)1.6, Na_(v)1.7, Na_(v)1.8, and/or Na_(v)1.9of about 100 μM or less, e.g., about 50 μM or less, about 25 μM or less,about 10 μM or less, about 5 μM or less, or about 1 μM or less, insodium mobilization and/or electrophysiological assays. In certainembodiments, Compounds of the Invention exhibit an IC₅₀ for Na_(v)1.7 of100 μM or less, about 50 μM or less, about 25 μM or less, about 10 μM orless, about 5 μM or less, about 1 μM or less, about 0.5 μM or less,about 0.1 μM or less, about 0.05 μM or less, or about 0.01 μM or less.Compounds of the Invention can be tested for their Na⁺ channel blockingactivity using methods known in the art and by the followingfluorescence imaging and electrophysiological in vitro assays and/or invivo assays.

In one embodiment, Compounds of the Invention demonstrate substantiallyno penetration across the CNS blood-brain barrier in a mammal. Suchcompounds are referred to as “peripherally restricted” as a means todesignate their PNS versus CNS tissue selectivity.

In one embodiment, the PNS:CNS concentration ratio of a peripherallyrestricted Compound of the Invention is about 5:1, about 10:1, about20:1, about 30:1; about 50:1; about 100:1, about 250:1, about 500:1,about 1000:1, about 5,000:1, about 10,000:1, or more. Compounds of theInvention can be tested for their ability to penetrate the centralnervous system using in vitro and in vivo methods known in the art.

In Vitro Assay Protocols

FLIPR® Assays

Recombinant Na_(v)1.7 Cell Line:

In vitro assays were performed in a recombinant cell line expressingcDNA encoding the alpha subunit (Na_(v)1.7, SCN9a, PN1, NE) of humanNa_(v)1.7 (Accession No. NM_(—)002977). The cell line was provided byinvestigators at Yale University (Cummins et al, J. Neurosci. 18(23):9607-9619 (1998)). For dominant selection of the Na_(v)1.7-expressingclones, the expression plasmid co-expressed the neomycin resistancegene. The cell line was constructed in the human embryonic kidney cellline, HEK293, under the influence of the CMV major late promoter, andstable clones were selected using limiting dilution cloning andantibiotic selection using the neomycin analogue, G418. Recombinant betaand gamma subunits were not introduced into this cell line. Additionalcell lines expressing recombinant Na_(v)1.7 cloned from other speciescan also be used, alone or in combination with various beta subunits,gamma subunits or chaperones.

Non-Recombinant Cell Lines Expressing Native Na_(v)1.7:

Alternatively, in vitro assays can be performed in a cell lineexpressing native, non-recombinant Na_(v)1.7, such as the ND7 mouseneuroblastoma X rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) hybrid cell line ND7/23,available from the European Cell CuIture Collection (Cat. No. 92090903,Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom). The assays can also be performedin other cell lines expressing native, non-recombinant Na_(v)1.7, fromvarious species, or in cultures of fresh or preserved sensory neurons,such as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, isolated from various species.Primary screens or counter-screens of other voltage-gated sodiumchannels can also be performed, and the cell lines can be constructedusing methods known in the art, purchased from collaborators orcommercial establishments, and they can express either recombinant ornative channels. The primary counter-screen is for one of the centralneuronal sodium channels, Na_(v)1.2 (rBIIa), expressed in HEK293 hostcells (Ilyin et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. 144:801-812 (2005)).Pharmacological profiling for these counter-screens is carried out underconditions similar to the primary or alternative Na_(v)1.7 assaysdescribed below.

Cell Maintenance:

Unless otherwise noted, cell culture reagents were purchased fromMediatech of Herndon, Va. The recombinant Na_(v)1.7/HEK293 cells wereroutinely cultured in growth medium consisting of Dulbecco's minimumessential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone, ThermoFisher Scientific, Logan, Utah), 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mLstreptomycin, 2-4 mM L-glutamine, and 500 mg/mL G418. For natural,non-recombinant cell lines, the selective antibiotic was omitted, andadditional media formulations can be applied as needed.

Assay Buffer:

The assay buffer was formulated by removing 120 mL from a 1 L bottle offresh, sterile dH₂O (Mediatech, Herndon, Va.) and adding 100 mL of10×HBSS that does not contain Ca⁺⁺ or Mg⁺⁺ (Gibco, Invitrogen, GrandIsland, N.Y.) followed by 20 mL of 1.0 M Hepes, pH 7.3 (FisherScientific, BP299-100). The final buffer consisted of 20 mM Hepes, pH7.3, 1.261 mM CaCl₂, 0.493 mM MgCl₂, 0.407 mM Mg(SO)₄, 5.33 mM KCl,0.441 mM KH₂PO₄, 137 mM NaCl, 0.336 mM Na₂HPO₄ and 0.556 mM D-glucose(Hanks et al., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 71:196 (1949)), and the simpleformulation was typically the basic buffer throughout the assay (i.e.,all wash and addition steps).

CoroNa™ Green AM Na⁺ Dye for Primary Fluorescence Assay:

The fluorescence indicator used in the primary fluorescence assay wasthe cell permeant version of CoroNa™ Green (Invitrogen, MolecularProbes, Eugene, Oreg.), a dye that emits light in the fluorescence range(Harootunian et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264(32):19458-19467 (1989)). Theintensity of this emission, but not the wavelength range, is increasedwhen the dye is exposed to Na⁺ ions, which it can bind with partialselectivity. Cells expressing Na_(v)1.7 or other sodium channels wereloaded with the CoroNa™ Green dye immediately in advance of thefluorescence assay, and then, after agonist stimulation, themobilization of Na⁺ ions was detected as the Na⁺ ions flowed from theextracellular fluid into the cytoplasm through the activated sodiumchannel pores. The dye was stored in the dark as a lyophilized powder,and then an aliquot was dissolved immediately before the cell loadingprocedure, according to the instructions of the manufacturer to a stockconcentration of 10 mM in DMSO. It was then diluted in the assay bufferto a 4× concentrated working solution, so that the final concentrationof dye in the cell loading buffer was 5 μM.

Membrane Potential Dye for Alternative Fluorescence Assays:

A fluorescence indicator that can be used in alternative fluorescenceassays is the blue version membrane potential dye (MDS, MolecularDevices, Sunnyvale, Calif.), a dye that detects changes in moleculesfollowing a change in membrane potential. An increase in fluorescence isexpected if agonist stimulation provokes a change in membrane potential.Cells expressing Na_(v)1.7 or other sodium channels are incubated withthe membrane potential dye 30-60 minutes before the fluorescence assay.In the case of the KCl pre-stimulation version of the assay, the dye andall other components are washed out immediately before the assay, andthe dye is then replaced. In the version lacking KCl pre-stimulation,the dye remains on the cells and is not washed out or replaced. The dyeis stored in the dark as a lyophilized powder, and then an aliquotdissolved in assay buffer to form a 20×-concentrated stock solution thatcan be used for several weeks.

Agonists:

In the fluorescence assays, two agonists were used in combination,namely 1) veratridine; and 2) the venom from the yellow scorpion,Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus. Veratridine is an alkaloid smallmolecule that facilitates the capture of channel openings by inhibitinginactivation, and the scorpion venom is a natural preparation thatincludes peptide toxins selective for different subsets of voltage-gatedsodium channels. These scorpion toxins inhibit the fast inactivation oftheir cognate target channels. Stock solutions of the agonists wereprepared to 40 mM in DMSO (veratridine) and 1 mg/mL in dH₂O (scorpionvenom), and then diluted to make a 4× or 2× stock (depending on theparticular assay) in assay buffer, the final concentration being 100 μM(veratridine) and 10 μg/mL (scorpion venom). Both of the agonists werepurchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis/MO.

Test Compounds:

Test compounds were dissolved in DMSO to yield 10 mM stock solutions.The stock solutions were further diluted using DMSO in 1:3 serialdilution steps with 10 points (10,000 μM, 3.333 μM, 1.111 μM, 370 μM,123 μM, 41 μM, 14 μM, 4.6 μM, 1.5 μM and 0.5 μM). The stock solutionswere further diluted in assay buffer (1:125) as 4× stock serialdilutions with a DMSO concentration of 0.8% (final [DMSO], in the assay,from the compounds component=0.2%), so that the compounds' finalconcentrations in the assay were 20 μM, 6.7 μM, 2.2 μM, 0.74 μM, 0.25 μMand 0.08 μM, 0.03 μM, 0.01 μM, 0.003 μM and 0.001 μM. If a particulartest article appeared to be especially potent, then the concentrationcurve was adjusted, e.g., to 10-fold lower concentrations, in order toperform the dose-response in a more relevant concentration range.Compound dilutions were added during the dye-loading and pre-stimulationstep, and then again during the fluorescence assay, early in the kineticread. Compound dilutions were added in duplicate rows across the middle80 wells of the 96-well plate, whereas the fully stimulated and thefully inhibited controls (positive and negative) were located in the top4 side wells and the bottom 4 side wells, respectively, on the left andright sides of the assay plate.

Data Analysis:

The data were analyzed according to methods known to those skilled inthe art or using the GraphPad® Prism Program, version 4.0 or higher(available from GraphPad Software, San Diego, Calif.) to determine theIC₅₀ value for the test article. At least one standard referencecompound was evaluated during each experiment.

FLIPR® or FLIPR^(TETRA)® Sodium Dye Assay with KCl and Test ArticlePre-Incubation:

Cells were prepared by plating the recombinant HEK293 cells or otherhost cells expressing either recombinant or non-recombinant, native,Na_(v)1.7 alpha subunit, alone or in combination with various beta andgamma subunits at a density of ˜40,000 cells/well into a 96-well black,clear-bottom, PDL-coated plate. The assay can be adapted to 384-well or1,536-well format, if desired, using proportionately fewer cells andless media. The plate was then incubated in growth media, with orwithout selective antibiotic, overnight at 37° C. at 5% CO₂, 95%humidity, in preparation for the assay. For counter-screens of othervoltage-gated sodium channels, the procedure was very similar, thoughoptimal densities of cells, media and subsequent assay components can befine-tuned for the particular cell line or isoform.

The next day, at the start of the assay, the media was flicked from thecells and the wells were washed once with 50 μl/well assay buffer (1×Hank's balanced salt solution without sodium bicarbonate or phenol red,20 mM Hepes, pH 7.3) and then pre-incubated with the test articles,CoroNa™ Green AM sodium dye (for cell loading) and KCl forre-polarization and synchronization of the channels in the entirepopulation of cells. For this dye-loading and pre-stimulation step, thecomponents were added as follows, immediately after the wash step: 1)first, the compound dilutions and controls were added as 4× concentratesin assay buffer at 50 μL/well; 2) CoroNa™ Green AM dye was diluted fromthe stock solution to 20 μM in assay buffer (4× concentrate) and addedto the plate at 50 μL/well; and 3) finally, a solution of 180 mM KCl(2×) was prepared by diluting a 2M stock solution into assay buffer andthe solution was added to the cells at 100 μl/well. The cells wereincubated at 25° C. in the dark for 30 min. before their fluorescencewas measured.

The plates containing dye-loaded cells were then flicked to remove thepre-incubation components and washed once with 100 μL/well assay buffer.A 100 μL/well aliquot of assay buffer was added back to the plate, andthe real-time assay was commenced. The fluorescence of cells wasmeasured using a fluorescence plate reader (FLIPR^(TETRA)® or FLIPR384®,MDS, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.) Samples were excited byeither a laser or a PMT light source (Excitation wavelength=470-495 nM)and the emissions are filtered (Emission wavelength=515-575 nM). Theadditions of compound and the channel activators in this cell-based,medium-to-high throughput assay were performed on the fluorescence platereader and the results (expressed as relative fluorescence units) werecaptured by means of camera shots every 1-3 sec., then displayed inreal-time and stored. Generally, there was a 15 sec. base line, withcamera shots taken every 1.5 sec., then the test compounds were added,then another 120 sec. baseline was conducted, with camera shots takenevery 3 sec.; and finally, the agonist solution (containing veratridineand scorpion venom) was added. The amplitude of fluorescence increase,resulting from the binding of Na⁺ ions to the CoroNa™ Green dye, wascaptured for ˜180 sec. thereafter. Results were expressed in relativefluorescence units (RFU) and can be determined by using the maximumsignal during the latter part of the stimulation; or the maximum minusthe minimum during the whole agonist stimulation period; or by takingthe area under the curve for the whole stimulation period.

The assay can be performed as a screening assay as well with the testarticles present in standard amounts (e.g., 10 μM) in only one or twowells of a multi-well plate during the primary screen. Hits in thisscreen were typically profiled more exhaustively (multiple times),subjected to dose-response or competition assays and tested in counterscreens against other voltage-gated sodium channels or otherbiologically relevant target molecules.

FLIPR® or FLIPR^(TETRA)® Membrane Potential Assay with KCl and TestArticle Pre-Incubation:

Cells are prepared by plating the recombinant HEK293 cells or other hostcells expressing either recombinant or non-recombinant, native,Na_(v)1.7 alpha subunit, alone or in combination with various beta andgamma subunits at a density of ˜40,000 cells/well into a 96-well black,clear-bottom, PDL-coated plate. The assay can be adapted to 384-well or1,536-well format, if desired, using proportionately less cells andmedia. The plate is then incubated in growth media, with or withoutselective antibiotic, overnight at 37° C. at 5% CO₂, 95% humidity, inpreparation for the assay (see, e.g., Benjamin et. al., J. Biomol.Screen 10(4):365-373 (2005)). For screens and counter-screens of othervoltage-gated sodium channels, the assay protocol is similar, thoughoptimal densities of cells, media and subsequent assay components can befine-tuned for the particular cell line or sodium channel isoform beingtested.

The next day, at the start of the assay, the media is flicked from thecells and the wells are washed once with 50 μL/well assay buffer (1×Hank's balanced salt solution without sodium bicarbonate or phenol red,20 mM Hepes, pH 7.3) and then pre-incubated with the test articles, themembrane potential dye (for cell loading), and the KCl forre-polarization and synchronization of the channels in the entirepopulation of cells. For this dye-loading and pre-stimulation step, thecomponents are added as follows, immediately after the wash step: 1)first, the compound dilutions and controls are added as 4× concentratesin assay buffer at 50 μL/well; 2) membrane potential dye is diluted fromthe stock solution in assay buffer (4× concentrate) and added to theplate at 50 μL/well; and 3) finally, a solution of 180 mM KCl (2×) isprepared by diluting a 2M stock solution into assay buffer and thesolution added to the cells at 100 μL/well. The cells are incubated at37° C. in the dark for 30-60 min. before their fluorescence is measured.

The plates containing dye-loaded cells are then flicked to remove thepre-incubation components and washed once with 50 μL/well assay buffer.A 50 μL/well aliquot of membrane potential dye is added back to theplate, and the real-time assay is commenced. The fluorescence of cellsis measured using a fluorescence plate reader (FLIPR^(TETRA)® orFLIPR384®, MDS, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.). Samples areexcited by either a laser or a PMT light source (Excitationwavelength=510-545 nM) and the emissions are filtered (Emissionwavelength=565-625 nM). The additions of the compounds (first) and thenthe channel activators (later) in this are performed on the fluorescenceplate reader and the results, expressed as relative fluorescence units(RFU), are captured by means of camera shots every 1-3 sec., thendisplayed in real-time and stored. Generally, there is a 15 sec. baseline, with camera shots taken every 1.5 sec., then the test compoundsare added, then another 120 sec. baseline is conducted, with camerashots taken every 3 sec.; and finally, the agonist solution (containingveratridine and scorpion venom) is added. The amplitude of fluorescenceincrease, resulting from the detection of membrane potential change, iscaptured for ˜120 sec. thereafter. Results are expressed in relativefluorescence units (RFU) and can be determined by using the maximumsignal during the latter part of the stimulation; or the maximum minusthe minimum during the whole stimulation period; or by taking the areaunder the curve for the whole stimulation period.

The assay can be performed as a screening assay as well with the testarticles present in standard amounts (e.g., 10 μM) in only one or twowells of a multi-well plate during the primary screen. Hits in thisscreen are typically profiled more exhaustively (multiple times),subjected to dose-response or competition assays and tested in counterscreens against other voltage-gate sodium channels or other biologicallyrelevant target molecules.

FLIPR® or FLIPR^(TETRA)® Sodium Dye Assay without KCl and Test ArticlePre-Incubation:

Cells are prepared by plating the recombinant HEK293 cells or other hostcells expressing either recombinant or non-recombinant, native,Na_(v)1.7 alpha subunit, alone or in combination with various beta andgamma subunits at a density of ˜40,000 cells/well into a 96-well black,clear-bottom, PDL-coated plate. The assay can be adapted to 384-well or1,536-well format, if desired, using proportionately less cells andmedia. The plate is then incubated in growth media, with or withoutselective antibiotic, overnight at 37° C. at 5% CO₂, 95% humidity, inpreparation for the assay. For counter-screens of other voltage-gatedsodium channels, the procedure is very similar, though optimal densitiesof cells, media and subsequent assay components can be fine-tuned forthe particular cell line or isoform.

The next day, at the start of the assay, the media is flicked from thecells and the wells washed once with 50 μL/well assay buffer (1× Hank'sbalanced salt solution without sodium bicarbonate or phenol red, 20 mMHepes, pH 7.3). Membrane potential dye is then added to each well of the96-well plate (50 μL/well), from a freshly diluted sample of the stock(now at 4× concentration) in the assay buffer. The cells are incubatedat 37° C. in the dark for 30-60 min. before their fluorescence ismeasured.

In this standard membrane potential assay, the 96-well plate containingdye-loaded cells is then loaded directly onto the plate reader withoutaspirating the dye solution and without any further washing of thecells. The fluorescence of cells is measured using a fluorescence platereader (FLIPR^(TETRA)® or FLIPR384®, MDS, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale,Calif.). Samples are excited by either a laser or a PMT light source(Excitation wavelength=510-545 nM) and the emissions are filtered(Emission wavelength=565-625 nM). The additions of the compounds (first,50 μL/well from a 4× stock plate) and then the channel activators(later, 100 μL/well from a 2× stock solution) in this kinetic assay areperformed on the fluorescence plate reader and the results, expressed asrelative fluorescence units (RFU), are captured by means of camera shotsevery 1-3 sec., then displayed in real-time and stored. Generally, thereis a 15 sec. base line, with camera shots taken every 1.5 sec., then thetest compounds are added, then another 120 sec. baseline is conducted,with camera shots taken every 3 sec.; and finally, the agonist solution(containing veratridine and scorpion venom) is added. The amplitude offluorescence increase, resulting from the detection of membranepotential change, is captured for ˜120 sec. thereafter. Results areexpressed in relative fluorescence units (RFU) and can be determined byusing the maximum signal during the latter part of the stimulation; orthe maximum minus the minimum during the whole stimulation period; or bytaking the area under the curve for the whole stimulation period.

The assay can be performed as a screening assay as well, with the testarticles present in standard amounts (e.g. 10 μM) in only one or twowells of a multi-well plate during the primary screen. Hits in thisscreen are typically profiled more exhaustively (multiple times),subjected to dose-response or competition assays and tested in counterscreens against other voltage-gate sodium channels or other biologicallyrelevant target molecules.

Electrophysiology Assay

Cells:

The hNa_(v)1.7 expressing HEK-293 cells were plated on 35 mm culturedishes pre-coated with poly-D-lysine in standard DMEM culture media(Mediatech, Inc., Herndon, Va.) and incubated in a 5% CO₂ incubator at37° C. CuItured cells were used approximately 12-48 h after plating.

Electrophysiology:

On the day of experimentation, the 35 mm dish was placed on the stage ofan inverted microscope equipped with a perfusion system thatcontinuously perfuses the culture dish with fresh recording media. Agravity driven superfusion system was used to apply test solutionsdirectly to the cell under evaluation. This system consists of an arrayof glass pipette glass connected to a motorized horizontal translator.The outlet of the shooter was positioned approximately 100 μm from thecell of interest.

Whole cell currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch clampconfiguration using an Axopatch 200B amplifier (Axon Instruments, FosterCity Calif.), 1322A A/D converter (Axon Instruments) and pClamp software(v. 8; Axon Instruments) and stored on a personal computer. Gigasealswere formed and the whole-cell configuration was established in voltageclamp mode, and membrane currents generated by hNa_(v)1.7 were recordedin gap-free mode. Borosilicate glass pipettes have resistance valuesbetween 1.5 and 2.0 MΩ when filled with pipette solution and seriesresistance (<5 MΩ) was compensated 75-80%. Signals were sampled at 50kHz and low pass filtered at 3 kHz.

Voltage Protocols:

After establishing the whole-cell configuration in voltage clamp mode,two voltage protocols were run to establish: 1) the holding potential;and 2) the test potential for each cell.

Resting Block:

To determine a membrane potential at which the majority of channels arein the resting state, a standard steady-state inactivation (SSIN)protocol was run using 100 ms prepulses×10 mV depolarizing steps. Theholding potential for testing resting block (Vh₁) was 20 mV morehyperpolarized than the first potential where inactivation is observedwith the inactivation protocol.

From this holding potential a standard I-V protocol was run to determinethe potential at which the maximal current (Imax) was elicited. Thispotential was the test potential (Vt).

The compound testing protocol was a series of 10 ms depolarizations fromthe Vh₁ (determined from the SSIN) to the Vt (determined from the I-Vprotocol) repeated every 10-15 seconds. After a stable baseline wasestablished, a high concentration of a test compound (highestconcentration solubility permits or that which provides ˜50% block) wasapplied and block of the current assessed. Washout of the compound wasattempted by superfusing with control solution once steady-state blockwas observed. The fractional response was calculated as follows:

FR=I(after drug)/I(control),

where I is the peak current amplitude and was used for estimatingresting block dissociation constant, K_(r):

K _(r)=[drug]*{FR/(1−FR)},

where [drug] is the concentration of a drug.

Block of Inactivated Channels:

To assess the block of inactivated channels the holding potential wasdepolarized such that 20-50% of the current amplitude was reduced whenpulsed to the same Vt as above. The magnitude of this depolarizationdepends upon the initial current amplitude and the rate of current lossdue to slow inactivation. This was the second holding potential (Vh₂).The current reduction was recorded to determine the fraction ofavailable channels at this potential (h).

h=I@Vh2/Imax.

At this membrane voltage a proportion of channels are in the inactivatedstate, and thus inhibition by a blocker includes interaction with bothresting and inactivated channels.

To determine the potency of the test compound on inactivated channels, aseries of currents were elicited by 10 ms voltage steps from Vh₂ toV_(t) every 10-15 seconds. After establishing a stable baseline, the lowconcentration of the compound was applied. Multiple cumulativeconcentrations may have to be applied to identify a concentration thatwill block between 40-60% of the current. Washout was attempted tore-establish baseline. Fractional responses were measured with respectto a projected baseline to determine K_(app).

K _(app)=[drug]*{FR/(1−FR)},

where [drug] is the concentration of a drug.

This K_(app) value, along with the calculated K_(r) and h values, wereused to calculate the affinity of the compound for the inactivatedchannels (K_(i)) using the following equation:

K _(i)=(1−h)/((1/K _(app))−(h/K _(r))).

Solutions and Chemicals:

For electrophysiological recordings the external solution was eitherstandard, DMEM supplemented with 10 mM HEPES (pH adjusted to 7.34 withNaOH and the osmolarity adjusted to 320) or Tyrodes salt solution(Sigma, USA) supplemented with 10 mM HEPES (pH adjusted to 7.4 withNaOH; osmolarity=320). The internal pipette solution contained (in mM):NaCl (10), CsF (140), CaCl₂ (1), MgCl₂ (5), EGTA (11), HEPES (10: pH7.4, 305 mOsm). Compounds were prepared first as a series of stocksolutions in DMSO and then dissolved in external solution; DMSO contentin final dilutions did not exceed 0.3%. At this concentration, DMSO didnot affect sodium currents. Vehicle solution used to establish base linewas also contacting 0.3% DMSO.

Data Analysis:

Data was analyzed off-line using Clampfit software (pClamp, v. 8; AxonInstruments) and graphed using GraphPad Prizm (v. 4.0 or higher)software.

In Vivo Assay for Pain

Compounds of the Invention can be tested for their antinociceptiveactivity in the formalin model as described in Hunskaar et al., JNeurosci. Methods 14: 69-76 (1985). Male Swiss Webster NIH mice (20-30g; Harlan, San Diego, Calif.) can be used in all experiments. Food iswithdrawn on the day of experiment. Mice are placed in Plexiglass jarsfor at least 1 hour to acclimate to the environment. Following theacclimation period, mice are weighed and given either the compound ofinterest administered i.p. or p.o., or the appropriate volume of vehicle(for example, 10% Tween-80 or 0.9% saline, and other pharmaceuticallyacceptable vehicles) as control. Fifteen minutes after the i.p. dosing,and 30 minutes after the p.o. dosing mice are injected with formalin (20μL of 5% formaldehyde solution in saline) into the dorsal surface of theright hind paw. Mice are transferred to the Plexiglass jars andmonitored for the amount of time spent licking or biting the injectedpaw. Periods of licking and biting are recorded in 5-minute intervalsfor 1 hour after the formalin injection. All experiments are done in ablinded manner during the light cycle. The early phase of the formalinresponse is measured as licking/biting between 0-5 minutes, and the latephase is measured from 15-50 minutes. Differences between vehicle anddrug treated groups can be analyzed by one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA). A P value<0.05 is considered significant. Compounds areconsidered to be efficacious for treating acute and chronic pain if theyhave activity in blocking both the early and second phase offormalin-induced paw-licking activity.

In Vivo Assays for Inflammatory or Neuropathic Pain

Test Animals:

Each experiment uses rats weighing between 200-260 g at the start of theexperiment. The rats are group-housed and have free access to food andwater at all times, except prior to oral administration of a testcompound when food is removed for 16 h before dosing. A control groupacts as a comparison to rats treated with a Compound of the Invention.The control group is administered the carrier as used for the testcompound. The volume of carrier administered to the control group is thesame as the volume of carrier and test compound administered to the testgroup.

Inflammatory Pain:

To assess the actions of Compounds of the Invention on the treatment ofinflammatory pain the Freund's complete adjuvant (“FCA”) model ofinflammatory pain is used. FCA-induced inflammation of the rat hind pawis associated with the development of persistent inflammatory mechanicaland thermal hyperalgesia and provides reliable prediction of theanti-hyperalgesic action of clinically useful analgesic drugs (Bartho etal., Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacol. 342:666-670 (1990)).The left hind paw of each animal is administered a 50 μL intraplantarinjection of 50% FCA. 24 hour post injection, the animal is assessed forresponse to noxious mechanical stimuli by determining the paw withdrawalthreshold (PWT), or to noxious thermal stimuli by determining the pawwithdrawal latency (PWL), as described below. Rats are then administereda single injection of either a test compound or 30 mg/Kg of a positivecontrol compound (e.g., indomethacin). Responses to noxious mechanicalor thermal stimuli are then determined 1, 3, 5 and 24 hours postadministration (admin). Percentage reversal of hyperalgesia for eachanimal is defined as:

${\% \mspace{14mu} {reversal}} = {\frac{\begin{bmatrix}{\left( {{post}\mspace{14mu} {administration}\mspace{14mu} {PWT}\mspace{14mu} {or}\mspace{14mu} {PWL}} \right) -} \\\left( {{pre}\text{-}{administration}\mspace{14mu} {PWT}\mspace{14mu} {or}\mspace{14mu} {PWL}} \right)\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}{\left( {{baseline}\mspace{14mu} {PWT}\mspace{14mu} {or}\mspace{14mu} {PWL}} \right) -} \\\left( {{pre}\text{-}{administration}\mspace{14mu} {PWT}\mspace{14mu} {or}\mspace{14mu} {PWL}} \right)\end{bmatrix}} \times 100}$

Neuropathic Pain:

To assess the actions of the test compounds for the treatment ofneuropathic pain the Seltzer model or the Chung model can be used.

In the Seltzer model, the partial sciatic nerve ligation model ofneuropathic pain is used to produce neuropathic hyperalgesia in rats(Seltzer et al., Pain 43.205-218 (1990)). Partial ligation of the leftsciatic nerve is performed under isoflurane/O₂ inhalation anesthesia.Following induction of anesthesia, the left thigh of the rat is shavedand the sciatic nerve exposed at high thigh level through a smallincision and is carefully cleared of surrounding connective tissues at asite near the trocanther just distal to the point at which the posteriorbiceps semitendinosus nerve branches off of the common sciatic nerve. A7-0 silk suture is inserted into the nerve with a 3/8 curved,reversed-cutting mini-needle and tightly ligated so that the dorsal ⅓ to½ of the nerve thickness is held within the ligature. The wound isclosed with a single muscle suture (4-0 nylon (Vicryl)) and vetbondtissue glue. Following surgery, the wound area is dusted with antibioticpowder. Sham-treated rats undergo an identical surgical procedure exceptthat the sciatic nerve is not manipulated. Following surgery, animalsare weighed and placed on a warm pad until they recover from anesthesia.Animals are then returned to their home cages until behavioral testingbegins. The animals are assessed for response to noxious mechanicalstimuli by determining PWT, as described below, prior to surgery(baseline), then immediately prior to and 1, 3, and 5 hours after drugadministration for rear paw of the animal. Percentage reversal ofneuropathic hyperalgesia is defined as:

${\% \mspace{14mu} {reversal}} = {\frac{\begin{bmatrix}{\left( {{post}\mspace{14mu} {administration}\mspace{14mu} {PWT}} \right) -} \\\left( {{pre}\text{-}{administration}\mspace{14mu} {PWT}} \right)\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}{\left( {{baseline}\mspace{14mu} {PWT}} \right) -} \\\left( {{pre}\text{-}{administration}\mspace{14mu} {PWT}} \right)\end{bmatrix}} \times 100}$

In the Chung model, the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathicpain is used to produce mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia,and tactile allodynia in rats. Surgery is performed under isoflurane/O₂inhalation anesthesia. Following induction of anesthesia a 3 cm incisionis made and the left paraspinal muscles are separated from the spinousprocess at the L₄-S₂ levels. The L₆ transverse process is carefullyremoved with a pair of small rongeurs to identify visually the L₄-L₆spinal nerves. The left L₅ (or L₅ and L₆) spinal nerve(s) is (are)isolated and tightly ligated with silk thread. A complete hemostasis isconfirmed and the wound is sutured using non-absorbable sutures, such asnylon sutures or stainless steel staples. Sham-treated rats undergo anidentical surgical procedure except that the spinal nerve(s) is (are)not manipulated. Following surgery animals are weighed, administered asubcutaneous (s.c.) injection of saline or ringers lactate, the woundarea is dusted with antibiotic powder and they are kept on a warm paduntil they recover from the anesthesia. Animals are then returned totheir home cages until behavioral testing begins. The animals areassessed for response to noxious mechanical stimuli by determining PWT,as described below, prior to surgery (baseline), then immediately priorto and 1, 3, and 5 hours after being administered a Compound of theInvention for the left rear paw of the animal. The animals can also beassessed for response to noxious thermal stimuli or for tactileallodynia, as described below. The Chung model for neuropathic pain isdescribed in Kim et al., Pain 50(3):355-363 (1992).

Tactile Allodynia:

Sensitivity to non-noxious mechanical stimuli can be measured in animalsto assess tactile allodynia. Rats are transferred to an elevated testingcage with a wire mesh floor and allowed to acclimate for five to tenminutes. A series of von Frey monofilaments are applied to the plantarsurface of the hindpaw to determine the animal's withdrawal threshold.The first filament used possesses a buckling weight of 9.1 gms (0.96 logvalue) and is applied up to five times to see if it elicits a withdrawalresponse. If the animal has a withdrawal response, then the nextlightest filament in the series would be applied up to five times todetermine if it also could elicit a response. This procedure is repeatedwith subsequent lesser filaments until there is no response and theidentity of the lightest filament that elicits a response is recorded.If the animal does not have a withdrawal response from the initial 9.1gms filament, then subsequent filaments of increased weight are applieduntil a filament elicits a response and the identity of this filament isrecorded. For each animal, three measurements are made at every timepoint to produce an average withdrawal threshold determination. Testscan be performed prior to, and at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours post drugadministration.

Mechanical Hyperalgesia:

Representative Compounds of the Invention were tested in the SNL-inducedmechanical hyperalgesia model in rats. Sensitivity to noxious mechanicalstimuli was measured in animals using the paw pressure test to assessmechanical hyperalgesia. In rats, hind paw withdrawal thresholds(“PWT”), measured in grams, in response to a noxious mechanical stimuluswere determined using an analgesymeter (Model 7200, commerciallyavailable from Ugo Basile of Italy), as described in Stein (Biochemistry& Behavior 31: 451-455 (1988)). The rat's paw was placed on a smallplatform, and weight was applied in a graded manner up to a maximum of250 grams. The endpoint was taken as the weight at which the paw wascompletely withdrawn. PWT was determined once for each rat at each timepoint. PWT can be measured only in the injured paw, or in both theinjured and non-injured paw. Rats were tested prior to surgery todetermine a baseline, or normal, PWT. Rats were tested again 2 to 3weeks post-surgery, prior to, and at different times after (e.g. 1, 3, 5and 24 hr) drug administration. An increase in PWT following drugadministration indicates that the test compound reduces mechanicalhyperalgesia.

Compound Example Nos. 84, 98, and 99 reduced SNL-induced mechanicalhyperalgesia in rats when dosed orally at 100 mg/kg (vehicle: 0.5%methyl cellulose) one hour before testing.

In Vivo Assay for Anticonvulsant Activity

Compounds of the Invention can be tested for in vivo anticonvulsantactivity after i.v., p.o., or i.p. injection using any of a number ofanticonvulsant tests in mice, including the maximum electroshock seizuretest (MES). Maximum electroshock seizures are induced in male NSA miceweighing between 15-20 g and in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighingbetween 200-225 g by application of current (for mice: 50 mA, 60pulses/sec, 0.8 msec pulse width, 1 sec duration, D.C.; for rats: 99 mA,125 pulses/sec, 0.8 msec pulse width, 2 sec duration, D.C.) using a UgoBasile ECT device (Model 7801). Mice are restrained by gripping theloose skin on their dorsal surface and saline-coated corneal electrodesare held lightly against the two corneae. Rats are allowed free movementon the bench top and ear-clip electrodes are used. Current is appliedand animals are observed for a period of up to 30 seconds for theoccurrence of a tonic hindlimb extensor response. A tonic seizure isdefined as a hindlimb extension in excess of 90 degrees from the planeof the body. Results can be treated in a quantal manner.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

Compounds of the Invention can be administered to a mammal in the formof a raw chemical without any other components present. Compounds of theInvention can also be administered to a mammal as part of apharmaceutical composition containing the compound combined with asuitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Such a carrier can beselected from pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and auxiliaries.

Pharmaceutical compositions within the scope of the present disclosureinclude all compositions where a Compound of the Invention is combinedwith one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In oneembodiment, the Compound of the Invention is present in the compositionin an amount that is effective to achieve its intended therapeuticpurpose. While individual needs may vary, a determination of optimalranges of effective amounts of each compound is within the skill of theart. Typically, a Compound of the Invention can be administered to amammal, e.g., a human, orally at a dose of from about 0.0025 to about1500 mg per kg body weight of the mammal, or an equivalent amount of apharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or solvate thereof, per dayto treat the particular disorder. A useful oral dose of a Compound ofthe Invention administered to a mammal is from about 0.0025 to about 50mg per kg body weight of the mammal, or an equivalent amount of thepharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or solvate thereof. Forintramuscular injection, the dose is typically about one-half of theoral dose.

A unit oral dose may comprise from about 0.01 mg to about 1 g of theCompound of the Invention, e.g., about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg, about0.01 mg to about 250 mg, about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg, 0.01 mg to about50 mg, e.g., about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg, of the compound. The unit dosecan be administered one or more times daily, e.g., as one or moretablets or capsules, each containing from about 0.01 mg to about 1 g ofthe compound, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt, prodrug or solvate thereof.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can beadministered to any animal that may experience the beneficial effects ofa Compound of the Invention. Foremost among such animals are mammals,e.g., humans and companion animals, although the disclosure is notintended to be so limited.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can beadministered by any means that achieves its intended purpose. Forexample, administration can be by the oral, parenteral, subcutaneous,intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, transdermal, intranasal,transmucosal, rectal, intravaginal or buccal route, or by inhalation.The dosage administered and route of administration will vary, dependingupon the circumstances of the particular subject, and taking intoaccount such factors as age, gender, health, and weight of therecipient, condition or disorder to be treated, kind of concurrenttreatment, if any, frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effectdesired.

In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition of the presentdisclosure can be administered orally and is formulated into tablets,dragees, capsules or an oral liquid preparation. In one embodiment, theoral formulation comprises extruded multiparticulates comprising theCompound of the Invention.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosurecan be administered rectally, and is formulated in suppositories.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosurecan be administered by injection.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosurecan be administered transdermally.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosurecan be administered by inhalation or by intranasal or transmucosaladministration.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosurecan be administered by the intravaginal route.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can contain fromabout 0.01 to 99 percent by weight, and preferably from about 0.25 to 75percent by weight, of active compound(s).

A method of the present disclosure, such as a method for treating adisorder responsive to the blockade of sodium channels in an animal inneed thereof, can further comprise administering a second therapeuticagent to the animal in combination with a Compound of the Invention. Inone embodiment, the other therapeutic agent is administered in aneffective amount.

Effective amounts of the other therapeutic agents are known to thoseskilled in the art. However, it is well within the skilled artisan'spurview to determine the other therapeutic agent's optimaleffective-amount range.

Compounds of the Invention (i.e., the first therapeutic agent) and thesecond therapeutic agent can act additively or, in one embodiment,synergistically. Alternatively, the second therapeutic agent can be usedto treat a disorder or condition that is different from the disorder orcondition for which the first therapeutic agent is being administered,and which disorder or condition may or may not be a condition ordisorder as defined herein. In one embodiment, a Compound of theInvention is administered concurrently with a second therapeutic agent;for example, a single composition comprising both an effective amount ofa Compound of the Invention and an effective amount of the secondtherapeutic agent can be administered. Accordingly, the presentdisclosure further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising acombination of a Compound of the Invention, the second therapeuticagent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Alternatively, a firstpharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a Compoundof the Invention and a second pharmaceutical composition comprising aneffective amount of the second therapeutic agent can be concurrentlyadministered. In another embodiment, an effective amount of a Compoundof the Invention is administered prior or subsequent to administrationof an effective amount of the second therapeutic agent. In thisembodiment, the Compound of the Invention is administered while thesecond therapeutic agent exerts its therapeutic effect, or the secondtherapeutic agent is administered while the Compound of the Inventionexerts its therapeutic effect for treating a disorder or condition.

The second therapeutic agent can be an opioid agonist, a non-opioidanalgesic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, an antimigraineagent, a Cox-II inhibitor, a β-adrenergic blocker, an anticonvulsant, anantidepressant, an anticancer agent, an agent for treating addictivedisorder, an agent for treating Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism, anagent for treating anxiety, an agent for treating epilepsy, an agent fortreating a seizure, an agent for treating a stroke, an agent fortreating a pruritic condition, an agent for treating psychosis, an agentfor treating ALS, an agent for treating a cognitive disorder, an agentfor treating a migraine, an agent for treating vomiting, an agent fortreating dyskinesia, or an agent for treating depression, or a mixturethereof.

Examples of useful opioid agonists include, but are not limited to,alfentanil, allylprodine, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine,bezitramide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazene, codeine,desomorphine, dextromoramide, dezocine, diampromide, diamorphone,dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol,dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, eptazocine,ethoheptazine, ethylmethylthiambutene, ethylmorphine, etonitazene,fentanyl, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydroxypethidine,isomethadone, ketobemidone, levorphanol, levophenacylmorphan,lofentanil, meperidine, meptazinol, metazocine, methadone, metopon,morphine, myrophine, nalbuphine, narceine, nicomorphine, norlevorphanol,normethadone, nalorphine, normorphine, norpipanone, opium, oxycodone,oxymorphone, papaveretum, pentazocine, phenadoxone, phenomorphan,phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, piritramide, proheptazine,promedol, properidine, propiram, propoxyphene, sufentanil, tilidine,tramadol, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixturesthereof.

In certain embodiments, the opioid agonist is selected from codeine,hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine,morphine, tramadol, oxymorphone, pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of useful non-opioid analgesics include non-steroidalanti-inflammatory agents, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac,naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, flubufen, ketoprofen,indoprofen, piroprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin, pramoprofen, muroprofen,trioxaprofen, suprofen, aminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen,bucloxic acid, indomethacin, sulindac, tolmetin, zomepirac, tiopinac,zidometacin, acemetacin, fentiazac, clidanac, oxpinac, mefenamic acid.meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid,diflurisal, flufenisal, piroxicam, sudoxicam, isoxicam, andpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.Examples of other suitable non-opioid analgesics include the following,non limiting, chemical classes of analgesic, antipyretic, nonsteroidalantiinflammatory drugs: salicylic acid derivatives, including aspirin,sodium salicylate, choline magnesium trisalicylate, salsalate,diflunisal, salicylsalicylic acid, sulfasalazine, and olsalazin; paraaminophennol derivatives including acetaminophen and phenacetin; indoleand indene acetic acids, including indomethacin, sulindac, and etodolac;heteroaryl acetic acids, including tolmetin, diclofenac, and ketorolac;anthranilic acids (fenamates), including mefenamic acid, andmeclofenamic acid; enolic acids, including oxicams (piroxicam,tenoxicam), and pyrazolidinediones (phenylbutazone, oxyphenthartazone);and alkanones, including nabumetone. For a more detailed description ofthe NSAIDs, see Paul A. Insel, Analgesic Antipyretic andAntiinflammatory Agents and Drugs Employed in the Treatment of Gout, inGoodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 617-57(Perry B. Molinhoff and Raymond W. Ruddon eds., 9th ed 1996) and Glen R.Hanson, Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti Inflammatory Drugs in Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy Vol. II 1196-1221 (A. R. Gennaroed. 19th ed. 1995) which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentireties. Suitable Cox-II inhibitors and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, aswell as combinations thereof, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,839,which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Examples ofuseful Cox II inhibitors include, but are not limited to, rofecoxib, andcelecoxib.

Examples of useful antimigraine agents include, but are not limited to,alpiropride, bromocriptine, dihydroergotamine, dolasetron, ergocornine,ergocorninine, ergocryptine, ergonovine, ergot, ergotamine, flumedroxoneacetate, fonazine, ketanserin, lisuride, lomerizine, methylergonovine,methysergide, metoprolol, naratriptan, oxetorone, pizotyline,propranolol, risperidone, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, timolol, trazodone,zolmitriptan, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of useful β-adrenergic blockers include, but are not limitedto, acebutolol, alprenolol, amosulabol, arotinolol, atenolol, befunolol,betaxolol, bevantolol, bisoprolol, bopindolol, bucumolol, bufetolol,bufuralol, bunitrolol, bupranolol, butidrine hydrochloride, butofilolol,carazolol, carteolol, carvedilol, celiprolol, cetamolol, cloranolol,dilevalol, epanolol, esmolol, indenolol, labetalol, levobunolol,mepindolol, metipranolol, metoprolol, moprolol, nadolol, nadoxolol,nebivalol, nifenalol, nipradilol, oxprenolol, penbutolol, pindolol,practolol, pronethalol, propranolol, sotalol, sulfinalol, talinolol,tertatolol, tilisolol, timolol, toliprolol, and xibenolol.

Examples of useful anticonvulsants include, but are not limited to,acetylpheneturide, albutoin, aloxidone, aminoglutethimide,4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid, atrolactamide, beclamide, buramate,calcium bromide, carbamazepine, cinromide, clomethiazole, clonazepam,decimemide, diethadione, dimethadione, doxenitroin, eterobarb,ethadione, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fluoresone, gabapentin,5-hydroxytryptophan, lamotrigine, magnesium bromide, magnesium sulfate,mephenytoin, mephobarbital, metharbital, methetoin, methsuximide,5-methyl-5-(3-phenanthryl)-hydantoin, 3-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin,narcobarbital, nimetazepam, nitrazepam, oxcarbazepine, paramethadione,phenacemide, phenetharbital, pheneturide, phenobarbital, phensuximide,phenylmethylbarbituric acid, phenytoin, phethenylate sodium, potassiumbromide, pregabaline, primidone, progabide, sodium bromide, solanum,strontium bromide, suclofenide, sulthiame, tetrantoin, tiagabine,topiramate, trimethadione, valproic acid, valpromide, vigabatrin, andzonisamide.

Examples of useful antidepressants include, but are not limited to,binedaline, caroxazone, citalopram, (S)-citalopram, dimethazan,fencamine, indalpine, indeloxazine hydrocholoride, nefopam, nomifensine,oxitriptan, oxypertine, paroxetine, sertraline, thiazesim, trazodone,benmoxine, iproclozide, iproniazid, isocarboxazid, nialamide, octamoxin,phenelzine, cotinine, rolicyprine, rolipram, maprotiline, metralindole,mianserin, mirtazepine, adinazolam, amitriptyline, amitriptylinoxide,amoxapine, butriptyline, clomipramine, demexiptiline, desipramine,dibenzepin, dimetacrine, dothiepin, doxepin, fluacizine, imipramine,imipramine N-oxide, iprindole, lofepramine, melitracen, metapramine,nortriptyline, noxiptilin, opipramol, pizotyline, propizepine,protriptyline, quinupramine, tianeptine, trimipramine, adrafinil,benactyzine, bupropion, butacetin, dioxadrol, duloxetine, etoperidone,febarbamate, femoxetine, fenpentadiol, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine,hematoporphyrin, hypericin, levophacetoperane, medifoxamine,milnacipran, minaprine, moclobemide, nefazodone, oxaflozane, piberaline,prolintane, pyrisuccideanol, ritanserin, roxindole, rubidium chloride,sulpiride, tandospirone, thozalinone, tofenacin, toloxatone,tranylcypromine, L-tryptophan, venlafaxine, viloxazine, and zimeldine.

Examples of useful anticancer agents include, but are not limited to,acivicin, aclarubicin, acodazole hydrochloride, acronine, adozelesin,aldesleukin, altretamine, ambomycin, ametantrone acetate,aminoglutethimide, amsacrine, anastrozole, anthramycin, asparaginase,asperlin, azacitidine, azetepa, azotomycin, batimastat, benzodepa,bicalutamide, bisantrene hydrochloride, bisnafide dimesylate, bizelesin,bleomycin sulfate, brequinar sodium, bropirimine, busulfan,cactinomycin, calusterone, caracemide, carbetimer, carboplatin,carmustine, carubicin hydrochloride, carzelesin, cedefingol,chlorambucil, cirolemycin, and cisplatin.

Therapeutic agents useful for treating an addictive disorder include,but are not limited to, methadone, desipramine, amantadine, fluoxetine,buprenorphine, an opiate agonist, 3-phenoxypyridine, or a serotoninantagonist.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating Parkinson's diseaseand parkinsonism include, but are not limited to, carbidopa/levodopa,pergolide, bromocriptine, ropinirole, pramipexole, entacapone,tolcapone, selegiline, amantadine, and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating anxiety include, butare not limited to, benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, brotizolam,chlordiazepoxide, clobazam, clonazepam, clorazepate, demoxepam,diazepam, estazolam, flumazenil, flurazepam, halazepam, lorazepam,midazolam, nitrazepam, nordazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, quazepam,temazepam, and triazolam; non-benzodiazepine agents, such as buspirone,gepirone, ipsapirone, tiospirone, zolpicone, zolpidem, and zaleplon;tranquilizers, such as barbituates, e.g., amobarbital, aprobarbital,butabarbital, butalbital, mephobarbital, methohexital, pentobarbital,phenobarbital, secobarbital, and thiopental; and propanediol carbamates,such as meprobamate and tybamate.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating epilepsy or seizureinclude, but are not limited to, carbamazepine, ethosuximide,gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, valproicacid, trimethadione, benzodiazepines, gamma-vinyl GABA, acetazolamide,and felbamate.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating stroke include, butare not limited to, anticoagulants such as heparin, agents that break upclots such as streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator, agents thatreduce swelling such as mannitol or corticosteroids, and acetylsalicylicacid.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating a pruritic conditioninclude, but are not limited to, naltrexone; nalmefene; danazol;tricyclics such as amitriptyline, imipramine, and doxepin;antidepressants such as those given below; menthol; camphor; phenol;pramoxine; capsaicin; tar; steroids; and antihistamines.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating psychosis include,but are not limited to, phenothiazines such as chlorpromazinehydrochloride; mesoridazine besylate, and thoridazine hydrochloride;thioxanthenes such as chloroprothixene and thiothixene hydrochloride;clozapine; risperidone; olanzapine; quetiapine; quetiapine fumarate;haloperidol; haloperidol decanoate; loxapine succinate; molindonehydrochloride; pimozide; and ziprasidone.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating ALS include, but arenot limited to, baclofen, neurotrophic factors, riluzole, tizanidine,benzodiazepines such as clonazepan and dantrolene.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating cognitive disordersinclude, but are not limited to, agents for treating dementia such astacrine; donepezil; ibuprofen; antipsychotic drugs such as thioridazineand haloperidol; and antidepressant drugs such as those given below.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating a migraine include,but are not limited to, sumatriptan; methysergide; ergotamine; caffeine;and beta-blockers such as propranolol, verapamil, and divalproex.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating vomiting include, butare not limited to, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as ondansetron,dolasetron, granisetron, and tropisetron; dopamine receptor antagonistssuch as prochlorperazine, thiethylperazine, chlorpromazine,metoclopramide, and domperidone; glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone;and benzodiazepines such as lorazepam and alprazolam.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating dyskinesia include,but are not limited to, reserpine and tetrabenazine.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating depression include,but are not limited to, tricyclic antidepressants such as amitryptyline,amoxapine, bupropion, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine,maprotiline, nefazadone, nortriptyline, protriptyline, trazodone,trimipramine, and venlafaxine; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorssuch as citalopram, (S)-citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine,and setraline; monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as isocarboxazid,pargyline, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine; and psychostimulants such asdextroamphetamine and methylphenidate.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure is manufacturedin a manner which itself will be known in view of the instantdisclosure, for example, by means of conventional mixing, granulating,dragee-making, dissolving, extrusion, or lyophilizing processes. Thus,pharmaceutical compositions for oral use can be obtained by combiningthe active compound with solid excipients, optionally grinding theresulting mixture and processing the mixture of granules, after addingsuitable auxiliaries, if desired or necessary, to obtain tablets ordragee cores.

Suitable excipients include fillers such as saccharides (for example,lactose, sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol), cellulose preparations, calciumphosphates (for example, tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogenphosphate), as well as binders such as starch paste (using, for example,maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, or potato starch), gelatin,tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. If desired, one ormore disintegrating agents can be added, such as the above-mentionedstarches and also carboxymethyl-starch, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodiumalginate.

Auxiliaries are typically flow-regulating agents and lubricants such as,for example, silica, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof (e.g.,magnesium stearate or calcium stearate), and polyethylene glycol. Drageecores are provided with suitable coatings that are resistant to gastricjuices. For this purpose, concentrated saccharide solutions can be used,which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone,polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions andsuitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures. In order to producecoatings resistant to gastric juices, solutions of suitable cellulosepreparations such as acetylcellulose phthalate orhydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose phthalate can be used. Dye stuffs orpigments can be added to the tablets or dragee coatings, for example,for identification or in order to characterize combinations of activecompound doses.

Examples of other pharmaceutical preparations that can be used orallyinclude push-fit capsules made of gelatin, or soft, sealed capsules madeof gelatin and a plasticizer such as glycerol or sorbitol. The push-fitcapsules can contain a compound in the form of granules, which can bemixed with fillers such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/orlubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally,stabilizers, or in the form of extruded multiparticulates. In softcapsules, the active compounds are preferably dissolved or suspended insuitable liquids, such as fatty oils or liquid paraffin. In addition,stabilizers can be added.

Possible pharmaceutical preparations for rectal administration include,for example, suppositories, which consist of a combination of one ormore active compounds with a suppository base. Suitable suppositorybases include natural and synthetic triglycerides, and paraffinhydrocarbons, among others. It is also possible to use gelatin rectalcapsules consisting of a combination of active compound with a basematerial such as, for example, a liquid triglyceride, polyethyleneglycol, or paraffin hydrocarbon.

Suitable formulations for parenteral administration include aqueoussolutions of the active compound in a water-soluble form such as, forexample, a water-soluble salt, alkaline solution, or acidic solution.Alternatively, a suspension of the active compound can be prepared as anoily suspension. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles for such assuspension may include fatty oils (for example, sesame oil), syntheticfatty acid esters (for example, ethyl oleate), triglycerides, or apolyethylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400). Anaqueous suspension may contain one or more substances to increase theviscosity of the suspension, including, for example, sodiumcarboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, and/or dextran. The suspension mayoptionally contain stabilizers.

The following examples are illustrative, but not limiting, of thecompounds, compositions, and methods of the present disclosure. Suitablemodifications and adaptations of the variety of conditions andparameters normally encountered in clinical therapy and which areobvious to those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure arewithin the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Preparation of2-fluoro-6-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)pyridine

A sealed pressure glass vessel containing the mixture of2,6-difluoropyridine (2.1 g, 18 mmol, Aldrich),4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dixoaborolan-2-yl)phenol (4 g, 18 mmol),and Cs₂CO₃ (7 g, 21 mmol, Aldrich) in DMF (25 mL) was heated at 80° C.for 4 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted withbrine (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×200 mL). The combined organiclayers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated on a rotaryevaporator. The residue was purified via silica gel chromatography(0-10% EtOAc in hexane) to give2-fluoro-6-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)pyridineas viscous liquid (3.6 g, 63%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.87 (2H, d,J=8.8 Hz), 7.76 (1H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 7.15 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.73 (1H, dd,J=1.6, 8 Hz), 6.63 (1H, dd, J=2.8, 8 Hz), 1.37 (12H, s). LC/MS: m/z=316[M+H]⁺. Unless otherwise indicated all ¹H NMR chemical shifts reportedherein are denoted by the delta (6) scale.

The following dioxaborolanes where prepared in a similar manner:

5-fluoro-2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)pyridine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.02 (1H, m), 7.85 (2H, m), 7.42 (1H, m), 7.1(2H, m), 6.9 (1H, m), 1.32 (12H, s). LC/MS: m/z=316 [M+H]⁺.

5-chloro-2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)pyridine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.06 (1H, d, J=2.8 Hz), 7.78 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz),7.56 (1H, dd, J=2.8, 8.8 Hz), 7.04 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 6.81 (1H, d, J=8.8Hz), 1.27 (12H, s). LC/MS: m/z=322 [M+H]⁺.

2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.87 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.85 (1H, q, J=7.6 Hz),7.41 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.19 (2H, m), 7.05 (1H, d, J=8 Hz), 1.38 (12H,s). LC/MS: m/z=366 [M+H]⁺.

2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.35 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.90 (2H, m), 7.22 (1H,m), 7.16 (3H, m), 1.37 (12H, s). LC/MS: m/z=366 [M+H]^(.)

2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.30 (1H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 8.01 (1H, d, J=8 Hz),7.90 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.18 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J=4.8, 7.2Hz), 1.37 (12H, s). LC/MS: m/z=366 [M+H]⁺.

5-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.51 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 7.88 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz),7.65 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.37 (1H, dd, J=2.8, 8.8 Hz), 7.08 (2H, d, J=8.4Hz), 1.38 (12H, s). LC/MS: m/z=388 [M+H]⁺.

Example 2 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 1)

2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride

A mixture of orotic acid mono hydrate (34.828 g, 200.0 mmol), phosphorusoxychloride (100 mL, 1092 mmol) and 20 drops of DMF were heated at 110°C. overnight. After cooling, the dark mixture was diluted with 500 mLhexanes and vigorously stirred. The hexane layer was decanted andquickly washed with water (1×100 mL) then brine (1×100 mL) and driedover MgSO₄. The organics were filtered and carefully evaporated in vacuoto give 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride as a light yellowliquid (26.13 g, 123.6 mmol, 62% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.93(1H, s).

2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a solution of 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride (26.13 g,123.6 mmol) in Et₂O (500 mL) was added a mixture of 0.5M ammonia indioxane (250 mL, 125 mmol) and iPr₂NEt (22 mL, 126 mmol) dropwise overapproximately 50 minutes. After stirring overnight the reaction wasconcentrated in vacuo to a residue and chromatographed over silica gelwith 10-50% EtOAc in hexanes. The product fractions were evaporated invacuo, and the resulting solid residue triturated with 10 mL 10%EtOAc/hexanes and filtered to give 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxamideas an orange crystalline solid (9.743 g, 50.74 mmol, 41% yield). LC/MS:m/z=192.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.40 (1H, br s), 8.16 (1H,br s), 8.10 (1H, s).

(S)-methyl 2-((6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoate (A)and (S)-methyl 2-((4-carbamoyl-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino)propanoate(B)

To a mixture of 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide (4.800 g, 25.00mmol) in acetonitrile (100 mL) was added (S)-methyl 2-aminopropanoatehydrochloride (3.565 g, 25.54 mmol) and iPr₂NEt (9.60 mL, 55.11 mmol).The mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight then concentrated in vacuo.The residue was chromatographed over silica gel with 20-60% acetone inhexanes. Two isomers were obtained from the chromatography. The firstisomer to elute was (S)-methyl2-((6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoate (A) and thesecond to elute was (S)-methyl2-((4-carbamoyl-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino)propanoate (B).

Separately, the appropriate product fractions were evaporated in vacuoto give (S)-methyl2-((6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoate (A) as a paletan powder (5.133 g, 19.84 mmol, 79% yield). LC/MS: m/z=259.2 [M+H]⁺ and(S)-methyl 2-((4-carbamoyl-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino)propanoate (B)as a tan powder (0.652 g, 2.52 mmol, 10% yield). LC/MS: m/z=259.2[M+H]⁺.

(S)-methyl2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoate

To a suspension of (S)-methyl2-((6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoate (5.133 g, 19.84mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(6.858 g, 21.83 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (19.9 mL, 39.8 mmol) andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.809 g, 0.99 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed and heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was diluted with 500 mL EtOAc and washed with brine(3×100 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andchromatographed over silica gel with 20-60% acetone in hexanes. Theproduct fractions were isolated and evaporated in vacuo to give theproduct (S)-methyl2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoateas a yellow-orange solid (4.128 g, 10.05 mmol, 51% yield). LC/MS:m/z=411.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A solution of (S)-methyl 2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoate (4.128 g, 10.05 mmol) in 7M ammonia inmethanol (100 mL, 700 mmol) was heated in a sealed tube for 3 days at50° C. After cooling, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo. Theresidue was triturated with 150 mL methanol and filtered to obtain thefirst batch of product. The filtrate was evaporated and chromatographedover silica gel with 50-100% acetone in hexanes. The product fractionswere isolated and evaporated in vacuo. This residue was triturated with40 mL methanol and filtered to give the second batch of product.

The first and second batches of product were combined and trituratedonce more with 10 mL methanol, filtered and dried under vacuum at 50° C.to give(S)-6-((l-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Example 1) as a pale tan-gray powder (2.620 g, 6.63 mmol, 66% yield).LC/MS: m/z=396.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.54 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.27 (1H, s), 7.95 (1H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 7.74 (1H, s), 7.53 (1H, s),7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.04-6.97 (3H, m),4.60-4.51 (1H, m), 1.36 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz).

Example 3 Preparation of6-(2-carbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 27)

As To a milky suspension of the tert-butyl3-carbamoyl-4-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(0.363 g, 0.677 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2mL, 8 mmol). After stirring for 3 days the reaction was concentrated invacuo. The solid residue was partitioned between 10 mL EtOAc and 2 mL 2Maqueous Na₂CO₃ solution. The mixture was diluted with 25 mL EtOAc, 8 mLwater and 25 mL brine. The organic layer was separated and the aqueouslayer was extracted four times with 25 mL EtOAc. The combined organiclayers were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated in vacuo. Theresidue was triturated with 2 mL 1:1 EtOAc/hexanes, filtered, and rinsedonce with 2 mL 1:1 EtOAc/hexanes. The solid was dried under vacuum at40° C. to give the product6-(2-carbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as a pale tan powder (0.212 g, 0.486 mmol, 72%yield).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.50 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 7.36 (1H, s), 7.19-7.08(4H, m), 7.03 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 5.32 (1H, br s), 4.14 (1H, br s),3.62-3.47 (2H, m), 3.19-3.12 (1H, m), 3.08 (1H, dd, J=13.4 Hz, 5.0 Hz),2.87 (1H, dt, J=12.7 Hz, 3.5 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=437.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 4 Preparation of(S)-2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoicacid (Cpd No. 28)

To a solution of the (S)-methyl2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoate (0.123 g, 0.300 mmol) in 5:1 THF/water(5 mL) was added LiOH.H₂O (0.025 g, 0.60 mmol). After stirring 3 days,the reaction was quenched with 1N aqueous HCl (0.60 mL). The mixture wasevaporated in vacuo then chromatographed using reverse-phase HPLC with a40-100% acetonitrile in water (+0.1% TFA) gradient. The productfractions were pooled and concentrated to give a solid suspension. Aftercooling, the solid precipitate was filtered, rinsed with water and driedunder vacuum at 50° C. to give(S)-2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoicacid as a white powder (0.049 g, 0.12 mmol, 41% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆): 12.57 (1H, s), 8.50 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.29 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H,d, J=6.1 Hz), 7.76 (1H, s), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.18-7.12 (2H, m), 7.07(1H, s), 7.03 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.56 (1H, m), 1.44 (3H, d, J=7.5 Hz).LC/MS: m/z=397.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 5 Preparation of(S)-6-(2-carboxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (A) (Cpd No. 29) and(S)-1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylicacid (B) (Cpd No. 30)

To a mixture of the (S)-methyl1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate (0.439 g, 1.01 mmol) in 5:1THF/water (10 mL) was added LiOH.H₂O (0.084 g, 2.00 mmol). Afterstirring 3 days the reaction was quenched with 1N aqueous HCl (2.00 mL).The mixture was evaporated in vacuo then chromatographed usingreverse-phase HPCL with a 40-100% acetonitrile in water (+0.1% TFA)gradient. The first product to elute was the(S)-6-(2-carboxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid (A) followed by the(S)-1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylicacid (B). Separately, product fractions for each product were pooled andconcentrated to give solid suspensions. The solid precipitates werefiltered, rinsed with water, and dried under vacuum at 50° C. to give(S)-6-(2-carboxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid (A) as a light tan powder (0.170 g, 0.402 mmol, 40% yield) and(S)-1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylicacid (B) as an off-white powder (0.125 g, 0.296 g, 29% yield).(S)-6-(2-carboxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid (A): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): Exists as a ˜80:20 ratio ofrotamers: 13.71-12.30 (2H, br m), 8.43 (0.4H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.37 (1.6H,d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.20-7.13 (2H, m), 7.09-6.99 (2.8H, m),6.79 (0.2H, s), 4.62-4.55 (1H, m), 3.87-3.48 (2H, m), 2.38-2.29 (1H, m),2.24-1.98 (3H, m). LC/MS: m/z=424.1 [M+H]⁺.(S)-1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylicacid (B): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): Exists as a ˜80:20 ratio ofrotamers: 13.05 (0.2H, br s), 12.60 (0.8H, br s), 8.57 (0.4H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.51 (1.6H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.35 (1H, s), 7.81 (1H, s), 7.32-7.24(2H, m), 7.20-7.13 (2H, m), 7.08-6.97 (2.8H, m), 6.79 (0.2H, s),4.62-4.52 (1H, m), 3.86-3.72 (0.4H, m), 3.66-3.55 (1.6H, m), 2.40-2.28(1H, m), 2.22-1.95 (3H, m). LC/MS: m/z=423.1 [M+H.]⁺.

Example 6 Preparation ofS)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid trifluoroacetic acid salt

tert-butyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate

To a solution of 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride (1.026 g,4.85 mmol) in DCM (25 mL) was added iPr₂NEt (1.01 mL, 5.80 mmol) andt-butanol (0.51 mL, 5.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight thenpyridine (0.39 mL, 4.8 mmol) was added and the stirring continued overanother night. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and theresulting residue was chromatographed over silica gel with 0-40% EtOAcin hexanes. The product fractions were evaporated in vacuo to givetert-butyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate as a yellow-orange waxysolid (0.310 g, 1.24 mmol, 26% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.15(1H, s), 1.56 (9H, s). LC/MS: m/z=271.1 [M+Na]⁺.

(S)-tert-butyl2-chloro-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate

To a mixture of tert-butyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate (0.310g, 1.24 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added (S)-methyl2-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (0.177 g, 1.27 mmol) and iPr₂NEt (0.48mL, 2.8 mmol). The mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight thenconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over silica gelwith 10-50% EtOAc in hexanes. The product fractions were evaporated invacuo to yield (S)-tert-butyl2-chloro-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino) pyrimidine-4-carboxylateas a colorless glass (0.347 g, 1.10 mmol, 89% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆): 8.70 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 7.12 (1H, s), 4.56-4.47 (1H, m), 3.65(3H, s), 1.53 (9H, s), 1.39 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=316.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-tert-butyl2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate (Cpd No. 32)

To a mixture of the (S)-tert-butyl2-chloro-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate(0.347 g, 1.10 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.348 g, 1.11 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.10 mL, 2.20 mmol) andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.050 g, 0.061 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed, and heated at 80° C. for 2 days. After cooling, thereaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographedover silica gel with 10-40% EtOAc in hexanes. The product fractions wereevaporated in vacuo to give (S)-tert-butyl2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate as an off-white foam (0.316 g, 0.676 mmol, 61%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.31-8.25 (3H, m), 7.32-7.24 (2H, m),7.19-7.14 (2H, m), 7.06 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 7.04 (1H, s), 4.60-4.51 (1H,m), 3.63 (3H, s), 1.56 (9H, s), 1.44 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=468.2[M+H]⁺.

(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid trifluoroacetic acid salt (Cpd No. 33)

To a solution of the (S)-tert-butyl2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate(0.312 g, 0.667 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TFA (5 mL, 67 mmol).After stirring for 3 days the reaction was evaporated in vacuo and theresidue triturated with hexanes, filtered and dried under a stream ofnitrogen to give(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid as the trifluoroacetic acid salt as a cream-colored powder (0.326g, 0.620 mmol, 93%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.36-8.26 (3H, m),7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.20-7.13 (2H, m), 7.10-7.03 (3H, m), 4.60-4.52 (1H,m), 3.64 (3H, s), 1.45 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=412.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 7 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid (Cpd No. 35)

(S)-tert-butyl6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate

To a solution of the tert-butyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate(0.626 g, 2.51 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added(S)-2-aminopropanamide hydrochloride (0.319 g, 2.56 mmol) and iPr₂NEt(0.96 mL, 5.5 mmol). The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 6 h thenconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over silica gelusing 50-100% EtOAc in hexanes. The product fractions were evaporated invacuo to give (S)-tert-butyl6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate asan off-white foam (0.628 g, 2.09 mmol, 83% yield). LC/MS: m/z=301.2[M+H]⁺.

(S)-tert-butyl6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate (Cpd No. 34)

To a mixture of (S)-tert-butyl6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate(0.628 g, 2.09 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.791 g, 2.52 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (2.1 mL, 4.2 mmol) andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.087 g, 0.11 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed and heated at 80° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographedover silica gel with 50-90% EtOAc in hexanes. The product fractions wereevaporated in vacuo to give a residue which was triturated with 5 mL 1:1EtOAc/hexanes. The solid was filtered off, rinsed twice with 2 mL 1:1EtOAc/hexanes, and dried under vacuum to give (S)-tert-butyl6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylateas a cream-colored powder (0.537 g, 1.19 mmol, 57% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.36 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 7.54 (1H,s), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.09-6.99 (4H, m), 4.59-4.50(1H, m), 1.55 (9H, s), 1.36 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=453.3 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid

To a suspension of the (S)-tert-butyl6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate(0.426 g, 0.941 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TFA (5 mL, 67 mmol).After stirring overnight, the reaction was evaporated in vacuo and theresidue triturated with 3 mL acetonitrile, filtered, rinsed once with 1mL acetonitrile and dried under vacuum at 40° C. to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid as an off-white powder (0.343 g, 0.865 mmol, 92% yield). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.40 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.05 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 7.56(1H, s), 7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.14 (2H, m), 7.11 (1H, s), 7.07-7.01(3H, m), 4.61-4.52 (1H, m), 1.37 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=397.1[M+H]⁺.

Example 8 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 14)

(S)-methyl2-chloro-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate

To a mixture of methyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate (5.175 g,25.00 mmol) in acetonitrile (100 mL) was added (S)-methyl2-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (3.497 g, 25.05 mmol) and iPr₂NEt (9.6mL, 55.1 mmol). The mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight thenconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over silica gelwith 30-70% EtOAc in hexanes. The product fractions were evaporated invacuo to yield (S)-methyl2-chloro-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylateas a thick yellow-orange oil (4.194 g, 15.33 mmol, 61% yield). LC/MS:m/z=274.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A solution of the (S)-methyl2-chloro-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate(3.719 g, 13.59 mmol) in 7M ammonia in methanol (20 mL, 140 mmol) washeated in a sealed tube for 3 days at 50° C. After cooling, theprecipitated solid was filtered off and rinsed with MeOH (2×5 mL) thendried under vacuum at 40° C. to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a pale yellow powder (2.946 g, 12.09 mmol, 89% yield). LC/MS:m/z=244.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a suspension of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(0.244 g, 1.00 mmol) in dioxane (5.0 mL) was added4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.403 g, 1.11 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol) andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.044 g, 0.054 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed, and heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographedover silica gel with 50-100% acetone in hexanes. The product fractionswere evaporated in vacuo and the resulting solid triturated with 2 mLMeOH, filtered, and dried under vacuum at 42° C. to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a cream-colored powder (0.283 g, 0.635 mmol, 64% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.61 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.31 (1H, s), 7.98 (1H, d, J=6.4Hz), 7.80-7.73 (3H, m), 7.55 (1H, s), 7.25-7.16 (4H, m), 7.11 (1H, s),7.01 (1H, s), 4.62-4.53 (1H, m), 1.37 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS:m/z=446.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 9 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-carboxyethyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (Cpd No. 40)

(S)-methyl2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate (Cpd No. 39)

To a mixture of the (S)-methyl2-chloro-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate(4.826 g, 17.63 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(6.651 g, 21.17 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (17.6 mL, 35.2 mmol) andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.727 g, 0.89 mmol). The flask was flushed with argon,sealed, and heated on a 100° C. oil bath for 30 minutes. The flaskruptured. As much of the reaction mixture as possible was partitionedbetween methanol and hexanes. The hexanes were removed and the methanollayer was washed a second time. The methanol fraction was evaporated invacuo and chromatographed over silica gel with 20-60% EtOAc in hexanes.The product fractions were isolated and evaporated in vacuo andchromatographed a second time over silica gel with 10-50% EtOAc inhexanes. The product fractions were evaporated in vacuo and theresulting solid triturated with 2 mL MeOH, filtered, rinsed once with 1mL MeOH, and dried under vacuum at 40° C. to give (S)-methyl2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate as a yellow powder (0.140 g, 0.329 mmol, 2%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.34-8.25 (3H, m), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m),7.19-7.14 (2H, m), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.06 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.60-4.52 (1H,m), 3.89 (3H, s), 3.64 (3H, s), 1.45 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=426.1[M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-carboxyethyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid

To a solution of (S)-methyl2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((I-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate(0.125 g, 0.294 mmol) in 5:1 THF/water (5 mL) portionwise over 2 dayswas add LiOH.H2O (0.030 g, 0.71 mmol). After the final addition thereaction was stirred for 2 h then diluted with 5 mL water andneutralized with 0.70 mL 1N aqueous HCl solution. The resulting solidwas filtered, dried under vacuum at 40° C., triturated with 2 mL 20%EtOAc in hexanes then hexanes, filtered, and dried under vacuum at 40°C. to give(S)-6-((1-carboxyethyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid as a pale tan powder (0.094 g, 0.24 mmol, 81%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆): 13.21 (1H, br s), 12.63 (1H, br s), 8.37 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz),8.16 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.08 (1H,s), 7.05 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 4.57-4.47 (1H, m), 1.44 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz).LC/MS: m/z=398.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 10 Preparation of2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 41)

2-chloro-6-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture of 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide (0.384 g, 2.00mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added morpholin-3-ylmethanolhydrochloride (0.310 g, 2.02 mmol) and iPr₂NEt (0.77 mL, 4.4 mmol). Themixture was heated at 50° C. overnight then concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was chromatographed over silica gel with 25-75% acetone inhexanes. The product fractions were evaporated in vacuo to yield2-chloro-6-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as apale tan solid (0.501 g, 1.84 mmol, 92% yield). LC/MS: m/z=273.2 [M+H]⁺.

2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture of the2-chloro-6-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (0.501g, 1.84 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.637 g, 2.03 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.8 mL, 3.6 mmol), andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.078 g, 0.096 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed, and heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographedover silica gel with 25-75% acetone in hexanes. The product fractionsthat were less than 97% isomerically pure were evaporated in vacuo andthe resulting solid triturated with 3 mL acetone, filtered and rinsedwith 1 mL acetone. This solid was then combined with the fractions fromthe chromatography that were greater than 97% isomerically pure. Thiscombined material was triturated with 5 mL acetone, filtered, and rinsedonce with 5 mL acetone. The solid was dried under vacuum at 40° C. toyield2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas an off-white powder (0.384 g, 0.905 mmol, 49% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.54 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.35 (1H, s), 7.80 (1H, s),7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.22 (1H, s), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.04 (2H, d, J=9.0Hz), 4.99 (1H, t, J=5.7 Hz), 4.60 (1H, very broad s), 4.14 (1H, verybroad s), 4.04 (1H, d, J=11.4 Hz), 3.94 (1H, dd, J=11.6 Hz, 3.5 Hz),3.76-3.68 (1H, m), 3.59-3.43 (3H, m), 3.25-3.13 (1H, m). LC/MS:m/z=425.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 11 Preparation of2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 48)

To a solution of the tert-butyl4-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (0.848 g, 1.62mmol) in dioxane (25 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane (5 mL, 20 mmol).After stirring overnight the reaction was concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was triturated with 10 mL acetonitrile, filtered, and rinsedwith 10 mL acetonitrile. The solid was then successively suspended andfiltered three times from warm acetonitrile. The solid residue was thenpartitioned between 10 mL EtOAc and 2 mL 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ solution. Themixture was diluted with 50 mL EtOAc and 25 mL water, the organic layerwas removed and the aqueous emulsion was washed once more with 50 mLEtOAc. The aqueous emulsion was filtered off and rinsed with water. Theresulting pasty solid was triturated with 2 mL acetonitrile, filtered,rinsed once with 1 mL acetonitrile, and dried under vacuum to give2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a pale tan powder (0.198 g, 0.468 mmol, 29% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆): 8.52 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.32 (1H, s), 7.78 (1H, s), 7.31-7.24(2H, m), 7.22-7.12 (3H, m), 7.04 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.85 (1H, s),4.79-4.60 (1H, very broad s), 3.83-3.74 (1H, m), 3.56 (1H, br s),3.17-3.09 (1H, m), 3.05-2.94 (2H, m), 2.73-2.65 (1H, m), 2.63-2.54 (1H,m), 2.49-2.32 (2H, m). LC/MS: m/z=424.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 12 Preparation of6-(3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 49)

6-(6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a suspension of the6-(2,5-dihydro-11H-pyrrol-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(0.333 g, 0.885 mmol) in DCM (25 mL) was added mCPBA (0.201 g, 0.897mmol, 77% solid). After 2 h, more mCPBA was added (0.198 g, 0.883 mmol,77% solid). After stirring overnight, more mCPBA was added (0.202 g,0.901 mmol, 77% solid) and the reaction was heated to reflux. After 5 h,more mCPBA was added (0.200 g, 0.892 mmol, 77% solid). After 2 h, moremCPBA was added (0.202 g, 0.901 mmol, 77% solid) and refluxing wascontinued overnight. When cooled, the reaction mixture was diluted with100 mL DCM, washed twice with 25 mL saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution,and once with 25 mL brine. The organic layers were dried over MgSO4,filtered, and evaporated to a residue. The residue was chromatographedover silica gel with 25-75% acetone in hexanes. The product fractionswere evaporated in vacuo and the resulting solid triturated with 1 mLacetone, filtered, rinsed once with 0.5 mL acetone and dried undervacuum at 40° C. to give6-(6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as an off-white powder (0.052 g, 0.13 mmol, 15%yield). LC/MS: m/z=393.2 [M+H]⁺.

6-(3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a suspension of the6-(6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(0.050 g, 0.13 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and water (1 mL) was added a 60%HClO₄ solution (0.1 mL). After stirring overnight, the reaction washeated at 50° C. for 2 days. After the reaction cooled it was quenchedwith solid NaHCO₃ and evaporated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed over silica gel with 50-100% acetone in hexanes. Theproduct fractions were evaporated and the resulting residue dissolved in1 mL acetonitrile with warming. Upon cooling a solid formed. The solidwas filtered and rinsed once with 1 mL acetonitrile. The remaining solidwas suspended in 1 mL warm acetonitrile, filtered and air-dried to give6-(3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a fine crystalline powder (0.009 g, 0.02 mmol, 17%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆): 8.55 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.34 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d,J=2.4 Hz), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz),6.90 (1H, s), 5.29 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 5.22 (1H, d, J=3.3 Hz), 4.14-4.10(1H, m), 4.09-4.05 (1H, m), 3.76-3.63 (3H, m), 3.35-3.30 (1H, m). LC/MS:m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 13 Preparation of(S)-6-((3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 50)

(S)-methyl 3-amino-2-hydroxypropanoate hydrochloride

To an ice-cooled suspension of (S)-3-amino-2-hydroxypropanoic acid(0.904 g) in MeOH (15 mL) was added SOCl₂ (2.0 mL, 27 mmol) over ˜2.5minutes. After the addition the reaction was allowed to warm to roomtemperature. After stirring overnight, the reaction was evaporated invacuo. MeOH was added and the mixture evaporated in vacuo a second timeto yield the product (S)-methyl 3-amino-2-hydroxypropanoatehydrochloride as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.16 (3H,s), 6.36 (1H, s), 4.38 (1H, br d, J=8.3 Hz), 3.68 (3H, s), 3.10 (1H, dd,J=12.9 Hz, 3.7 Hz), 2.90 (1H, dd, J=12.9 Hz, 8.6 Hz).

(S)-methyl3-((6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropanoate

To a mixture of the (S)-methyl 3-amino-2-hydroxypropanoate hydrochloride(0.333 g, 2.14 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide (0.385 g, 2.01 mmol) and iPr₂NEt(0.77 mL, 4.4 mmol). The mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight thencooled. The precipitated solid was filtered off, rinsed once with 2 mLacetonitrile, and air-dried to give (S)-methyl3-((6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropanoate as apale peach-colored powder (0.421 g, 1.53 mmol, 76% yield). LC/MS:m/z=275.1 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A mixture of the (S)-methyl3-((6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropanoate (0.421g, 1.53 mmol) and 7M ammonia in MeOH (10 mL, 70 mmol) were heated in asealed tube at 50° C. overnight. The precipitated solid was filtered offfrom the warm reaction mixture, rinsed once with 5 mL MeOH, andair-dried to give(S)-6-((3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a light tan powder (0.372 g, 1.43 mmol, 94% yield). LC/MS: m/z=260.1[M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture of the(S)-6-((3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(0.372 g, 1.43 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.494 g, 1.57 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.45 mL, 2.90 mmol), andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.063 g, 0.077 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed, and heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue triturated with25 mL acetone. The insoluble solid was filtered off and washedsuccessively with water, MeOH, 1N aqueous HCl, water, and MeOH. Thesolid was then dissolved in 3 mL DMSO with warming and diluted with 15mL MeOH. Upon standing the solution deposited a solid that was filteredand rinsed twice with 5 mL MeOH and once with 2:1 acetonitrile/DMSO. Theremaining solid was purified by reverse-phase chromatography using a40-70% acetonitrile in water (+0.1% TFA) gradient. The product fractionswere pooled and lyophilized to give(S)-6-((3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a cream-colored powder (0.115 g, 0.280 mmol, 20% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.54 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 8.26 (1H, s), 7.91-7.84 (1H, m),7.73 (1H, s), 7.33-7.23 (4H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.08-7.01 (3H, m),5.78 (1H, br s), 4.14-4.07 (1H, m), 3.92-3.83 (1H, m), 3.53-3.45 (1H,m). LC/MS: m/z=412.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 14 Preparation of(S)-3-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropanoicacid (Cpd No. 51)

To a mixture of the (S)-methyl3-((6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropanoate (0.408g, 1.49 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.517 g, 1.65 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.50 mL, 3.00 mmol) andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.066 g, 0.081 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed and heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was diluted with acetone and decanted. Water was addedto the insoluble residue to make a suspension. The solid was filtered,washed successively with water, acetone, 1N aqueous HCl then MeOH. Thesolid was dried under vacuum at 40° C. to give the product(S)-3-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropanoicacid as a light tan powder (0.053 g, 0.13 mmol, 9% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): 12.61 (1H, s), 8.53 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 8.27 (1H, s),7.99-7.93 (1H, s), 7.73 (1H, s), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m),7.08-7.01 (3H, m), 5.60 (1H, s), 4.26 (1H, s), 3.90-3.80 (1H, s),3.64-3.54 (1H, m). LC/MS: m/z=413.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 15 Preparation of6-(N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)methylsulfonamido)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 53)

N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methanesulfonamide

To a solution of the (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanamine (4.616g, 35.19 mmol) in diethylether (100 mL) was added pyridine (2.90 mL,35.9 mmol). A solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (2.75 mL, 35.4 mmol)in diethylether (50 mL) was added to the amine solution over 30 minutes.After stirring for 2 h, the reaction was washed once with 25 mL waterthen twice with 25 mL brine. The organic layer was separated, dried overMgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to a residue. The residue waschromatographed over silica gel with 0-100% EtOAc in hexanes. Theproduct fractions were evaporated in vacuo to giveN-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methanesulfonamide as anear-colorless oil (0.875 g, 4.18 mmol, 12% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆): 7.17 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.13-4.06 (1H, m), 3.98 (1H, dd, J=8.3Hz, 6.4 Hz), 3.66 (1H, dd, J=8.3 Hz, 5.7 Hz), 3.09-2.98 (2H, m), 2.91(3H, s), 1.33 (3H, s), 1.26 (3H, s).

methyl2-chloro-6-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate

To a solution of N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methanesulfonamide (0.875 g, 4.18 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was added 60% NaH inmineral oil (0.193 g, 4.83 mmol). After 10 minutes, methyl2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate (0.871 g, 4.21 mmol) was added.After stirring for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was diluted into 100mL water and extracted three times with 50 mL EtOAc. The combinedorganic layers were washed once with 25 mL brine, dried over MgSO4,filtered, and evaporated to a residue. The residue was chromatographedover silica gel with 30-60% EtOAc in hexanes. The product fractions wereconcentrated in vacuo. After sitting overnight a crystalline solidformed. The solid was decanted and dried under vacuum to give methyl2-chloro-6-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate as a cream-colored powder(0.911 g, 2.40 mmol, 57% yield). LC/MS: m/z=380.2 [M+H]⁺.

2-chloro-6-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture of methyl2-chloro-6-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate(0.911 g, 2.40 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added 7M ammonia in MeOH (10mL, 70 mmol). It started as a suspension, then dissolved, and then gavea precipitate. After 3 h the solid was filtered, rinsed once with 5 mLMeOH and air-dried to give the product2-chloro-6-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a white powder (0.715 g, 1.96 mmol, 82% yield). LC/MS: m/z=365.2[M+H]⁺.

6-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 52)

To a mixture of 2-chloro-6-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (0.365 g, 1.00 mmol) indioxane (5 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.379 g, 1.21 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol), andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.046 g, 0.056 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed, and heated at 80° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to a residue. The residue waschromatographed over silica gel with 30-80% EtOAc in hexanes. Theproduct fractions were evaporated to a residue and triturated with 5 mL1:1 EtOAc/hexanes. The solid was filtered off, rinsed twice with 1 mL1:1 EtOAc/hexanes, and dried under vacuum at 40° C. to give6-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a tan-orange powder (0.416 g, 0.805 mmol, 80% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.61-8.55 (3H, m), 8.01 (1H, s), 7.94-7.91 (1H, m),7.33-7.26 (2H, m), 7.23-7.17 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 4.44-4.37(1H, m), 4.35-4.28 (1H, m), 4.22-4.15 (1H, m), 4.07 (1H, dd, J=8.8 Hz,6.6 Hz), 3.81 (1H, dd, J=8.6 Hz, 5.3 Hz), 3.52 (3H, s), 1.35 (3H, s),1.23 (3H, s). LC/MS: m/z=517.2 [M+H]⁺.

6-(N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)methylsulfonamido)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a suspension of 6-(N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)methylsulfonamido)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(0.308 g, 0.596 g) in 85:15 DCM/MeOH (5 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane(1.0 mL). After 1 hour, water (0.5 mL) was added and a solid formed.After 1 hour, the solid was filtered and washed successively twice with2 mL DCM, twice with 1 mL MeOH, once with 3 mL MeOH, and twice with 1 mLDCM. The solid was dried under vacuum at 40° C. to give6-(N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)methylsulfonamido)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as a white powder (0.200 g, 0.420 mmol, 70%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.63-8.54 (3H, m), 8.01 (1H, s), 7.84(1H, s), 7.33-7.26 (2H, m), 7.23-7.17 (2H, m), 7.09 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz),5.08 (1H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 4.80 (1H, t, J=5.7 Hz), 4.31-4.24 (1H, m),4.05-3.96 (1H, m), 3.86-3.77 (1H, m), 3.54 (3H, s), 3.45-3.35 (2H, m).LC/MS: m/z=477.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 16 Preparation of(S)-2-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 54)

(S)-methyl2-((4-carbamoyl-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)propanoate

To a mixture of (S)-methyl2-((4-carbamoyl-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino)propanoate (0.642 g, 2.48mmol) in dioxane (12.5 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.861 g, 2.74 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (2.50 mL, 5.00 mmol), andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.105 g, 0.129 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed, and heated at 80° C. for 5 h. After cooling, the reactionmixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographed oversilica gel with 20-60% acetone in hexanes. The product fractions wereevaporated in vacuo to give (S)-methyl2-((4-carbamoyl-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)propanoateas a tan-yellow glass (0.911 g, 2.22 mmol, 89% yield). LC/MS: m/z=411.2[M+H]⁺.

(S)-2-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A solution of (S)-methyl 2-((4-carbamoyl-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)propanoate (0.911 g, 2.22 mmol) in 7M ammonia inmethanol (20 mL, 140 mmol) was heated in a sealed tube for 4 days at 50°C. After cooling, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and theresidue chromatographed over silica gel with 50-100% acetone in hexanes.The product fractions were evaporated in vacuo and the resulting solidtriturated with 10 mL 1:1 acetone/hexanes. The solid was filtered,rinsed once with 5 mL 1:1 acetone/hexanes, and dried under vacuum at 40°C. to give(S)-2-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as a white powder (0.713 g, 1.80 mmol, 81%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.20 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.76 (1H, s),7.21-7.08 (4H, m), 7.06 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.47 (1H, br s), 1.54 (3H, d,J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=396.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 17 Preparation of(S)-4-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide(Cpd No. 55)

Methyl 4-chloro-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of 4,6-dichloropyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid (1.931 g, 10.01mmol) in dioxane (50 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(3.459 g, 11.01 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (10.0 mL, 20.0 mmol), andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.413 g, 0.506 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed, and heated at 100° C. for 5 h. After cooling, thereaction was partitioned between 100 mL EtOAc and 50 mL water. Somesolid formed and was filtered off. The organic layers were separated andwashed once more with 25 mL brine which caused more solid to form. Theorganic layer and the filtered solids were re-combined and evaporated invacuo. To this residue was added MeOH (100 mL) and concentrated H₂SO₄ (1mL). The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h then cooled and quenchedby addition of solid NaHCO₃. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo and theresidue chromatographed over silica gel with 5-30% EtOAc/hexanes. Theproduct fractions were evaporated and the residue triturated with 10 mL1:1 EtOAc/hexanes. The solid was filtered, rinsed twice with 2 mL 1:1EtOAc/hexanes and air-dried to give methyl4-chloro-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-2-carboxylate as awhite powder (1.240 g, 3.46 mmol, 35% yield). LC/MS: m/z=359.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-methyl4-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-2-carboxylate

To a suspension of methyl 4-chloro-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-2-carboxylate (0.719 g, 2.00 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL)was added (S)-methyl 2-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (0.310 g, 2.22mmol) and iPr₂NEt (0.77 mL, 4.4 mmol). The mixture was heated at 50° C.for 2 h than 80° C. for 6 days. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo andthe residue chromatographed over silica gel with 20-60% EtOAc/hexanes.The product fractions were evaporated in vacuo to give (S)-methyl4-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-2-carboxylate as a pale tan oil (0.479 g, 1.13 mmol, 56%yield). LC/MS: m/z=426.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-4-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide

A solution of (S)-methyl4-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-2-carboxylate(0.479 g, 1.13 mmol) in 7M ammonia in methanol (70 mmol) was heated in asealed tube overnight at 50° C. After cooling, the reaction mixture wasevaporated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with 5 mL 1:1acetone/hexanes, filtered, rinsed once with 5 mL 1:1 acetone/hexanes anddried under vacuum at 40° C. to give(S)-4-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-2-carboxamideas a white powder (0.344 g, 0.870 mmol, 77% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆): 8.08 (2H, br d, J=6.6 Hz), 8.01 (1H, s), 7.77 (1H, br d, J=6.8Hz), 7.66 (1H, s), 7.55 (1H, s), 7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.21-7.14 (2H, m),7.13-7.04 (4H, m), 4.69-4.58 (1H, m), 1.33 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz). LC/MS:m/z=396.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 18 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 56)

(S)-Ethyl2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)propanoate

To a solution of 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide (0.385 g, 2.01mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added (S)-ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate (0.26 mL,2.3 mmol). The mixture was cooled on a dry-ice acetone bath and 60% NaHin mineral oil (0.094 g, 2.4 mmol) was added. The reaction was allowedto warm up slowly and after 2 h was quenched with 2 mL 10% citric acidsolution. The reaction mixture was partitioned between 50 mL EtOAc and25 mL brine and the organic fraction dried over MgSO4, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dioxane (10 mL) and2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.691 g, 2.20 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (2.0 mL, 4.0 mmol), andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.091 g, 0.1′1 mmol) were added. The reaction vessel wasflushed with argon, sealed, and heated at 100° C. overnight. Aftercooling, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residuechromatographed over silica gel with 10-50% acetone in hexanes. Theproduct fractions were evaporated in vacuo to give (S)-ethyl2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)propanoateas a pale tan oil (0.762 g, 1.79 mmol, 90% yield). LC/MS: m/z=426.2[M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A solution of (S)-ethyl 2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)propanoate (0.762 g, 1.79 mmol) in 7M ammonia inmethanol (10 mL, 70 mmol) was heated in a sealed tube overnight at 50°C. After cooling, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and theresidue chromatographed over silica gel with 25-100% acetone in hexanes.The product fractions were evaporated in vacuo and the residuetriturated with 5 mL MeOH. The solid was filtered and rinsed again with2 mL MeOH. The MeOH filtrate and washings were evaporated in vacuo andtriturated with 2 mL MeOH, filtered, and rinsed again with 1 mL MeOH.The first and second batches of solid were combined and dried undervacuum at 40° C. to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a white powder (0.220 g, 0.555 mmol, 31% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆): 8.59 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.50 (1H, s), 7.96 (1H, s), 7.69 (1H,s), 7.33-7.25 (2H, m), 7.24 (1H, s), 7.23-7.15 (3H, m), 7.06 (2H, d,J=8.8 Hz), 5.36 (1H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 1.52 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS:m/z=397.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 19 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((4-trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 57)

A sealed glass vial containing a mixture of2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine(182 mg, 0.5 mmol),6-(1-carbamoyl-ethylamino)-2-chloro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid amide(122 mg, 0.5 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (28 mg, 0.04 mmol, Aldrich), Cs₂CO₃(325 mg, 1 mmol, Aldrich) in a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol dimethylether (1 mL), water (1 mL) and ethanol (0.5 mL) was heated at 100° C.for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted withbrine (2 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×25 mL). The combined organiclayers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated on a rotaryevaporator. The residue was purified via silica chromatography (0-10%MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((4-trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas white solid, which was further trituated with methanol and driedunder vacuum (59 mg, 26%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.60 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.44 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 8.32 (1H, br), 7.98 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 7.74(1H, bs), 7.57-7.52 (3H, m), 7.27 (2H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.02(1H, bs), 4.59 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=447 [M+H]⁺.

Example 20 Preparation of6-((S)-1-Carbamoyl-ethylamino)-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid amide (Cpd No. 65)

A 100 mL round-bottom flask was charged with 4-hydroxyphenyl boronicacid (1 g, 7.25 mmol),6-((S)-1-carbamoyl-ethylamino)-2-chloro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acidamide (7.25 mmol, 1.76 g), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (Aldrich, 0.5 mmol, 0.3562 g),Na₂CO₃ (7.25 mL, 2M aqueous solution), and dioxane (5 mL). The flask waspurged with nitrogen and heated to 100° C. for 16 h at which time thereaction was complete. The reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was suspended in 50% MeOH in DCM, filteredby vacuum, and the filter cake was discarded. The filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure and was suspended in DCM, stirredfor one hour, and filtered by vacuum filtration to provide the titlecompound as a light brown powder (2 g, 91%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) 8.25-8.09(m, 2H), 7.09-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.82-6.70 (m, 2H), 4.62-4.40 (m, 1H),1.49-1.31 (m, 3H). LC/MS: m/z 301 [M+H]⁺.

Example 21 Preparation of6-((S)-1-Carbamoyl-ethylamino)-2-[4-(4-cyano-phenoxy)-phenyl]-pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid amide (Cpd No. 66)

A 50-mL vial with a screw-top septum was charged with6-((S)-1-carbamoyl-ethylamino)-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid amide (100 mg, 0.3 mmol), 4-fluorobenzo-nitrile (40 mg, 0.3 mmol),potassium carbonate (92 mg, 0.7 mmol), and N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL).The flask was purged with nitrogen and heated to 100° C. for 16 h atwhich time the reaction was complete. The mixture was then diluted with20 mL water and extracted with 2×20 mL EtOAc. The combined organiclayers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. Theresidue was dissolved in 20% methanol/chloroform and passed through ashort plug of silica gel. The fractions containing the desired materialwere concentrated and suspended in a solution of 20% EtOAc/hexane. Thesuspension was filtered by vacuum and air was allowed to pass over thecake for one hour. The cake was then transferred to a scintillationvial, powdered, and heated under vacuum for one hour to provide thetitle compound as a white solid (44 mg, 33%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆):8.66-8.59 (m, 2H), 8.35-8.28 (s, 1H), 8.02-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.91-7.84 (m,2H), 7.79-7.70 (s, 1H), 7.59-7.51 (s, 1H), 7.25-7.15 (m, 4H), 7.14-7.08(s, 1H), 7.05-6.97 (s, 1H), 4.64-4.49 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.31 (m, 3H).LC/MS:m/z 402[M+H]⁺.

Example 22 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)-4-chlorophenoxy)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 67)

2-(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)-4-chlorophenol

A mixture of 4-chloro-2-aminopyridine (1.28 g, 10 mmol), boronic acid(1.72 g, 10 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (3.18 g, 30 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ inDME/EtOH/H₂O (4 mL/2 mL/4 mL) was purged with Ar for one minute, thenstirred at 100° C. for 14 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.,its pH was adjusted to 5 using 6N HCl, and diluted with EtOAc. Theorganic layer was isolated, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated undervacuum. The residue was subjected to silica gel flash chromatographyusing dichloromethane/methanol as the eluent to give2-(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)-4-chlorophenol as a yellowish solid (1.8 g,yield 82%). LC/MS: m/z=221 [M+H]⁺, (m/z+H) 221.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)-4-chlorophenoxy)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A mixture of 2-(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)-4-chlorophenol (110 mg, 0.5 mmol),(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(122 mg, 0.5 mmol), CuI (10 mg, 0.05 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (191 mg, 0.5 mmol)in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at 120° C. for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture wascooled to room temperature, worked up with dichloromethane and subjectedto flash chromatography (DCM/methanol) to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)-4-chlorophenoxy)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a white solid (189 mg, yield 85%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 7.82-8.05 (1H,br), 7.6 (2H, m), 7.40 (2H, m), 6.80 (1H, m), 6.60 (2H, m), 4.23-4.10(1H, m), 1.35 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=428 [M+H]⁺.

Example 23 Preparation of 2-(pyridazin-4-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol

To a solution of 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethylphenol (2.6 g, 9.0 mmol) in DMFwere added 4-(tributylstannyl)pyrazine (3.5 g, 9.49 mmol) and CsF (2.73g, 18 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, thenPd(PPh₃)₄ (0.52 g, 0.45 mmol) and CuI (178 mg, 0.94 mmol) were added.After purging with Ar for 1 minute, the mixture was stirred under Ar for14 h at 45° C. The reaction was worked up with EtOAc. Removal of EtOAcfollowed by silica gel flash chromatography usingdichloromethane/methanol as the eluent gave2-(pyridazin-4-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol as a slightly pink solid(1.08 g, yield 50%). LC/MS: m/z=241 [M+H]⁺.

Example 24 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 68)

A mixture of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(60 mg, 0.2 mmol), 4-fluorophenol (40 mg, 0.2 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (76 mg,0.2 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was placed in a microwave reaction vial andheated in a microwave oven at 160° C. for 20 minutes. The reaction wasworked up with DCM then dried and evaporated. The residue was subjectedto C18 flash chromatography using acetonitrile/H₂O/0.1 TFA as the eluentand neutralized to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas white solid (40 mg, yield 50%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 7.90-8.21 (3H, m),6.90-7.2 (5H, m), 4.4 (1H, m), 1.35 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=398[M+H]⁺.

Example 25 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(6-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 69)

2-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-iodo-pyridine

A mixture of 4-fluorophenol (1.12 g, 10 mmol), 2-bromo-5-iodopyridine(2.84 g, 10 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (3.83 g, 10 mmol) in DMF was stirred at120° C. for 4 hrs. The reaction was worked up with EtOAc to give2-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-iodo-pyridine which was used for next stepwithout further purification (crude yield 100%, yellowish solid). LC/MS:m/z=317 [M+H]⁺.

2-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridine

A mixture of 2-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-iodo-pyridine (6.75 g, 21.3 mmol),pinacol diborane (5.42 g, 21.3 mmol), KOAc (6.26 g, 64 mmol) andPd(dppf)Cl₂ (0.82 g, 1 mmol) in dioxanes was purged with Ar for 2minutes. The mixture was stirred under Ar for 14 hrs and worked up withEtOAc. Removal of EtOAc followed by silica gel flash chromatography(Hexanes/EtOAc) gave2-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridineas a colorless solid (4.5 g, yield 67%). LC/MS: m/z=317 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(6-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A mixture of2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine(158 mg, 0.5 mmol),(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(121 mg, 0.5 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (2 M, 1 mL, 2 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (20 mg,0.025 mmol) in DME/EtOH/H₂O (2 mL/1 mL/2 mL) was purged with Ar for oneminute, then stirred at 100° C. for 14 hrs. The reaction mixture wasthen worked up with DCM. The DCM was isolated, dried over MgSO₄, andremoved under vacuum. The residue was subjected to silica gel flashchromatography using dichloromethane/methanol as the eluent to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(6-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a gray solid (100 mg, yield 50%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 9.3 (1H, s), 8.9(1H, m), 8.3 (1H, s), 8.05 (1H, m), 7.75 (1H, s), 7.5 (1H, s), 7.2-7.4(4H, m), 6.95-7.15 (2H, m), 6.80 (1H, s), 4.5 (1H, m), 1.35 (3H, d,J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=398 [M+H]⁺.

Example 26 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 70)

A mixture of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine (112 mg, 0.62 mmol),(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(150 mg, 0.62 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (235 mg, 0.62 mmol) in DMF (3.0 mL) wasstirred at 100° C. for 14 hrs. The reaction was worked up with EtOAc andpurified by silica gel flash chromatography (DCM/methanol) to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as a white solid (193 mg, 80%).¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 6.90-7.1 (4H, m), 6.55 (1H, s), 4.3 (1H, m), 3.98 (4H,m), 3.10 (4H, m), 1.40 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=388 [M+H]⁺.

Example 27 Preparation of(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd. No. 78)

(S)-methyl6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate

To a mixture of methyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate (2.074 g,10.02 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was added(S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (1.150 g, 10.07 mmol) and iPr₂NEt (1.92mL, 11.02 mmol). The mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight and thenfiltered while still warm. The filter cake was washed with acetonitrile(1×10 mL) then dried under vacuum at 40° C. to give a first batch of(S)-methyl6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate as a tansolid (0.671 g, 2.36 mmol, 24% yield). The filtrate and washes wereevaporated in vacuo and triturated with warm acetonitrile (10 mL). Thesolid was filtered, washed with acetonitrile (2×5 mL), and dried undervacuum at 40° C. to give a second batch of (S)-methyl6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate as asolid (0.849 g, 2.98 mmol, 30% yield). LC/MS: m/z=285.1 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A mixture of (S)-methyl6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate (0.849g, 2.98 mmol) in 7M ammonia in MeOH (5.0 mL) was stirred at ambienttemperature overnight and then filtered. The filter cake was washed withmethanol (1×2 mL)) and dried under vacuum at 40° C. to give(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide as awhite powder (0.611 g, 2.27 mmol, 76% yield). LC/MS: m/z=270.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture of(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(0.272 g, 1.01 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.387 g, 1.11 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol) andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.044 g, 0.054 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed, and heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographedover silica gel with 25-100% acetone in hexanes. The product fractionswere evaporated in vacuo and the residue further chromatographed usingreverse-phase chromatography with a 40-70% acetonitrile in water (+0.1%TFA) gradient. The product fractions were pooled and lyophilized. Theresidue was triturated with acetonitrile (3 mL). The solid was filteredoff, washed with acetonitrile (1×1 mL), and dried under vacuum at 40° C.to give(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as an off-white powder (0.152 g, 0.333 mmol,33% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): Exists as a ˜70:30 ratio ofrotamers: 8.60-8.52 (2H, m), 8.35 (1H, s), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.73-7.67(1.3H, m), 7.51 (0.7H, s), 7.38-7.28 (2H, m), 7.23 (0.3H, s), 7.09(0.6H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.04 (1.4H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.00-6.94 (1.4H, m), 6.77(0.3H, s), 4.58-4.52 (0.7H, m), 4.33-4.27 (0.3H, m), 3.90-3.81 (0.3H,m), 3.79-3.70 (0.3H, m), 3.70-3.62 (0.7H, m), 3.56-3.47 (0.7H, m),2.38-2.17 (1H, m), 2.11-1.91 (3H, m). LC/MS: m/z=456.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 28 Preparation of6-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 79)

Methyl2-chloro-6-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate

A mixture of the (3S,4S)-pyrrolidine-3,4-diol hydrochloride (0.773 g,5.54 mmol), methyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate (1.038 g, 5.01mmol), and iPr₂NEt (2.00 mL, 11.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (25 mL) washeated at 50° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuoand the residue chromatographed over silica gel with 25-75% acetone inhexanes. The product fractions were evaporated in vacuo to give methyl2-chloro-6-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylateas a light tan powder (1.132 g, 4.14 mmol, 83% yield). LC/MS: m/z=274.2[M+H]⁺.

2-Chloro-6-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A solution of methyl2-chloro-6-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate(1.132 g, 4.14 mmol) in 7M ammonia in MeOH (12 mL) was allowed to sit atambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated invacuo and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (10 mL). The residue firstdissolved then quickly precipitated a solid. After cooling back down toambient temperature the precipitated solid was filtered off then driedunder vacuum at 40° C. to give2-chloro-6-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a tan powder (0.969 g, 3.75 mmol, 91% yield). LC/MS: m/z=259.2[M+H]⁺.

6-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture of2-chloro-6-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(0.261 g, 1.01 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.349 g, 1.11 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol) andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.045 g, 0.055 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed, and heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographedover silica gel with 50-100% acetone in hexanes. The product fractionswere evaporated in vacuo and the residue triturated with acetonitrile (2mL). The solid was filtered, rinsed with acetonitrile (1×1 mL), anddried under vacuum at 40° C. to give6-((3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a cream-colored powder (0.307 g, 0.748 mmol, 74% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.55 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.33 (1H, s), 7.79 (1H, s),7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.20-7.13 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.90 (1H,s), 5.29 (1H, d, J=3.3 Hz), 5.21 (1H, d, J=3.3 Hz), 4.15-4.09 (1H, m),4.09-4.05 (1H, m), 3.77-3.62 (3H, m), 3.35-3.30 (1H, m). LC/MS:m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 29 Preparation of6-(2-carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 81)

1-tert-butyl 3-methyl4-(2-chloro-6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1,3-dicarboxylate

A mixture of 1-tert-butyl 3-methyl piperazine-1,3-dicarboxylate (5.133g, 21.01 mmol), methyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate (4.354 g,21.03 mmol), and iPr₂NEt (4.0 mL, 23.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) washeated at 50° C. for 4 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture wasevaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographed over silica gel with20-70% EtOAc in hexanes. The product fractions were evaporated in vacuoto give 1-tert-butyl 3-methyl4-(2-chloro-6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1,3-dicarboxylateas a very pale yellow powder (6.626 g, 15.97 mmol, 76% yield). LC/MS:m/z=415.2 [M+H]⁺.

tert-Butyl3-carbamoyl-4-(6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of the 1-tert-butyl 3-methyl4-(2-chloro-6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1,3-dicarboxylate(6.626 g, 15.97 mmol) in 7M ammonia in MeOH (25 mL, 175 mmol) was heatedin a sealed tube at 50° C. for 3 days. The reaction mixture wasevaporated in vacuo and chromatographed over silica gel with 25-75%acetone in hexanes. The product fractions were evaporated in vacuo togive the product tert-butyl3-carbamoyl-4-(6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylateas a cream-colored powder (4.744 g, 12.33 mmol, 77% yield). LC/MS:m/z=385.0 [M+H]⁺.

6-(2-Carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a solution of tert-butyl3-carbamoyl-4-(6-carbamoyl-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(4.744 g, 12.33 mmol) in dioxane (25 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane(5.0 mL, 20.0 mmol). After stirring overnight the reaction was dilutedwith additional dioxane (25 mL) and 4M HCl in dioxane (5.0 mL, 20.0mmol). After 5 h, MeOH (10 mL) was added. After stirring overnight moreMeOH (10 mL) was added. After stirring one more night the reaction wasevaporated in vacuo to give crude6-(2-carbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamidehydrochloride. The crude hydrochloride salt was suspended in THF (50mL). To this was added iPr₂NEt (7.10 mL, 40.8 mmol) and methyl iodide(0.85 mL, 13.7 mmol). The reaction vessel was sealed and heated at 70°C. for 5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned betweenEtOAc (100 mL) and water (50 mL). The organics were isolated and saved.1N aqueous NaOH was added to the aqueous layer then it was extractedwith EtOAc (100 mL). These organics were also isolated and saved. Oncemore, 1N aqueous NaOH was added to the aqueous layer then it wasextracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organics were isolated and combinedwith the other batches of organic extracts. The combined organics weredried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and evaporated in vacuo. The solid residuewas triturated with MeOH (5 mL), filtered, and washed with MeOH (1×2mL). The solid was dried under vacuum at 40° C. to give6-(2-carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamideas a cream-colored powder (0.924 g, 3.09 mmol, 25% yield). LC/MS:m/z=299.1 [M+H]⁺.

6-(2-Carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture of6-(2-carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(0.300 g, 1.00 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(0.404 g, 1.11 mmol), 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol) andPdCl₂(dppf) (0.046 g, 0.056 mmol). The reaction vessel was flushed withargon, sealed and heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, thereaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographedover silica gel with 0-20% MeOH in acetone. The product fractions wereevaporated in vacuo and the residue triturated with 1:1acetonitrile/MeOH (5 mL). The solid was filtered, washed with MeOH (1×1mL), and acetonitrile (1×1 mL). An additional batch of material wasobtained by evaporation of the filtrates, trituration of the residuewith 1:1 acetonitrile/MeOH (2 mL) and washing the solid with MeOH (1×0.5mL) then acetonitrile (1×0.5 mL). The combined solids were dried undervacuum at 40° C. to give6-(2-carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as a very pale tan powder (0.271 g,0.541 mmol, 54% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.57 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz),7.71 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.39 (1H, s), 7.21 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.16 (2H,d, J=9.0 Hz), 5.68-5.23 (1H, br), 4.49-3.93 (1H, br), 3.65-3.54 (1H, m),3.51-3.43 (1H, m), 3.00-2.93 (1H, m), 2.40 (1H, dd, J=12.1 Hz, 4.6 Hz),2.34 (3H, s), 2.21 (1H, dt, J=11.8 Hz, 3.5 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=501.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 30 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 84)

4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)aniline

In a 150 mL round bottom flask 10.26 g of 4-trifluoromethoxyphenol (57.6mmol) and 1 equivalent 4-fluoronitrobenzene (8.1 g, 57.6 mmol)) weredissolved in 50 mL DMF. Then, 2 equivalents of potassium carbonate (15.9g, 115.2 mmol) were added to the solution and the mixture heated to 100°C. for 16 h. When the reaction was complete, the precipitate wascollected by vacuum filtration and washed with ethyl acetate. Thefiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue and thendiluted with 200 mL ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with2×200 mL water, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated undervacuum. The residue was passed through a short plug of silica gel using100% ethyl acetate as the eluent. The filtrate was concentrated undervacuum. LC/MS showed that Compound 30-1 was present.

In a 500-mL round bottom flask, Compound 30-1 was dissolved in 100 mLMeOH. To the solution was added 50 mg of 10% Pd/C and cooled in abrine/ice bath. Solid NaBH₄ (4 g) was added portion-wise while keepingthe temperature under 20° C. in a brine/ice cooling bath. LC/MS and TLCshowed the reaction was complete after adding the NaBH₄. The reactionmixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate washedwith MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum and the dark brown4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)aniline was used as-is for the nextreaction.

1-iodo-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)benzene

In a 300 mL round bottom flask, 6.92 g (25.63 mmol)4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy)aniline was dissolved in 40 mL DME andcooled to 0° C. in a brine/ice bath. Using a dropping funnel, 10equivalents aqueous H₂SO₄ (10N aqueous) were slowly added to the DMEsolution, immediately creating a salt suspension. The suspension wasstirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes. Then, a solution of 1.5 equivalentssodium nitrite (2.65 g, 38.45 mmol) in 20 mL water was dropped slowlyinto the suspension while keeping the temperature below 5° C. Afteradding the sodium nitrite, the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30minutes. Then, an aqueous solution of 3 equivalents sodium iodide wasdropped slowly into the mixture. LC/MS showed the reaction was complete.The reaction mixture was diluted with 400 mL EtOAc and washed with 700mL water and then 700 mL 1M sodium bisulfite. The organic layer wasdried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was then chromatographed by combiflash using a 330 gram silicacolumn and a gradient of EtOAc (15% max) in hexane to provide 6.53 g of1-iodo-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenoxy)benzene (67%, white solid). m/z380, ¹H NMR (CHCl₃): 7.67-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.04-6.97 (m,2H), 6.81-6.75 (m, 2H).

4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

In a 100 mL round bottom flask1-iodo-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenoxy)benzene (2.53 g, 6.66 mmol) wasdissolved in 10 mL DMF and treated with 1.1 equivalents of bis-borolane(1.86 g, 7.3 mmol), 3 equivalents of potassium acetate (1.96 g, 19.98mmol), and 0.07 equivalents PdCl₂dppf*CH₂Cl₂ (381 mg, 0.466 mmol). Theflask was purged with nitrogen and heated for 10 h at 90° C., at whichtime the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was diluted with300 mL EtOAc and filtered by vacuum. The filtrate was washed with 2×300mL water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate andconcentrated. The residue was chromatographed by combiflash using a 330gram silica column and a gradient of ethyl acetate (5% max) in hexane toprovide 905 mg (36% yield) of4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolaneas a light brown oil. m/z 380, ¹H NMR (CHCl₃): 7.83-7.77 (m, 2H),7.22-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.05-6.95 (m, 4H), 1.36-1.32 (s, 12H).

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A 50-mL vial with a screw-top septum was charged with 200 mg of4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane,1 equivalent(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(129 mg, 0.53 mmol), 1.5 mL 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃, 0.07 equivalentsPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (28 mg, 0.04 mmol), and 8 mL dioxane. The vial was purgedwith nitrogen and heated to 100° C. for 6 h, at which time the reactionwas complete. The mixture was diluted with 100 mL EtOAc and washed twotimes with 100 mL water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfateand concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographedby combiflash using a 40-gram silica column with a gradient EtOAc (100%max) in hexane to provide 76 mg (31% yield) of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as a white solid. m/z 461, ¹H NMR(CD₃OD): 8.56-8.49 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 3H),7.09-7.02 (m, 2H), 4.64-4.49 (m, 1H), 4.56-1.49 (m, 3H).

Example 31 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 85)

4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)aniline

In a 150 mL round bottom flask 7.95 g of sesamol (57.6 mmol) and 1equivalent 4-fluoronitrobenzene (8.1 g, 57.6 mmol)) were dissolved in 50mL DMF. Then, 2 equivalents of potassium carbonate (15.9 g, 115.2 mmol)were added to the solution and the mixture heated to 100° C. for 16 h.When the reaction was complete, the precipitate was collected by vacuumfiltration and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure to a residue and then diluted with 200 mL ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with 2×200 mL water, dried oversodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspassed through a short plug of silica gel using 100% ethyl acetate asthe eluent. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. In a500-mL round bottom flask, the residue was dissolved in 100 mL MeOH. Tothe solution was added 50 mg of 10% Pd/C and cooled in a brine/ice bath.Solid NaBH₄ (4 g) was added portion-wise while keeping the temperatureunder 20° C. in a brine/ice cooling bath. LC/MS and TLC showed thereaction was complete after adding the NaBH₄. The reaction mixture wasfiltered through a pad of celite and the filtrate washed with MeOH. Thefiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the dark brownresidue was used without purification for the next reaction.

5-(4-iodophenoxy)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole

In a 300 mL round bottom flask, 5.28 g (22.96 mmol)4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)aniline was dissolved in 40 mL DME andcooled to 0° C. in a brine/ice bath. Using a dropping funnel, 10equivalents aqueous H₂SO₄ (10N aqueous) were slowly added to the DMEsolution, immediately creating a salt suspension. The suspension wasstirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes. Then, a solution of 1.5 equivalentssodium nitrite (2.38 g, 34.45 mmol) in 20 mL water was dropped slowlyinto the suspension while keeping the temperature below 5° C. Afteradding the sodium nitrite, the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30minutes. Then, a 30 mL aqueous solution of sodium iodide (10.32 g, 68.88mmol) was dropped slowly into the mixture. LC/MS showed the reaction wascomplete. The mixture was diluted with 400 mL EtOAc and washed with 700mL water and then 700 mL 1M sodium bisulfite. The organic layer wasdried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was then chromatographed by combiflash using a 330 gram silicacolumn and a gradient of EtOAc (15% max) in hexane to provide 6 g of5-(4-iodophenoxy)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole (77%, light brown oil). m/z 340,¹H NMR (CHCl₃): 7.61-7.54 (m, 2H), 6.79-6.68 (m, 3H), 6.58-6.53 (m, 1H),6.51-6.45 (m, 1H), 6.00-5.96 (s, 2H).

2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

In a 100 mL round bottom flask 5-(4-iodophenoxy)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole (3g, 8.82 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL DMF and treated with 1.1equivalents of bis-borolane (2.46 g, 9.7 mmol), 3 equivalents ofpotassium acetate (2.6 g, 26.46 mmol), and 0.07 equivalents ofPdCl₂dppf*CH₂Cl₂ (503 mg, 0.616 mmol). The flask was purged withnitrogen and heated for 10 h at 90° C., at which time the reaction wascomplete. The reaction mixture was diluted with 300 mL EtOAc andfiltered. The filtrate was washed with 2×300 mL water. The organic layerwas dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue waschromatographed by combiflash using a 330 gram silica column and agradient of ethyl acetate (5% max) in hexane to provide 905 mg (30%yield) of2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolaneas a light brown oil. m/z 340, ¹H NMR (CHCl₃): 7.78-7.71 (m, 2H),6.96-6.89 (m, 2H), 6.79-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.60-6.55 (m, 1H), 6.53-6.47 (m,1H), 5.60-5.95 (s, 2H), 1.36-1.29 (s, 12H)

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

A 50-mL vial with a screw-top septum was charged with 200 mg of2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane,1 equivalent of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(1.53 mg, 0.59 mmol), 1.5 mL 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃, 0.07 equivalents ofPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (28 mg, 0.04 mmol), and 8 mL dioxane. The vial was purgedwith nitrogen and heated to 100° C. for 6 h, at which time the reactionwas complete. The mixture was diluted with 100 mL EtOAc and washed twotimes with 100 mL water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfateand concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographedby combiflash using a 40-gram silica column with a gradient EtOAc (100%max) in hexane to provide 108 mg (43% yield) ofS)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as a white solid. m/z 421, ¹H NMR (CD₃OD):8.51-8.41 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.07 (s, 1H), 7.01-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.86-6.78 (m,1H), 6.64-6.60 (m, 1H), 6.57-6.50 (m, 1H), 6.01-5.95 (s, 2H), 4.61-4.49(m, 1H), 1.56-1.48 (m, 3H).

Example 32 Preparation of(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 94)

Compound 32-1 (273 mg, 1 mmol) was suspended in 5 mL of 7N NH₃ inmethanol and stirred at room temperature for 14 h. The solvent wasremoved and the residual solid was washed with cold methanol. The solidwas dried to give pure compound 32-2 as a white solid (240 mg, yield93%). LC/MS: m/z=259 [M+H]⁺.

A mixture of2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(314 mg, 1 mmol), Compound 32-2 (258 mg, 1 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (42 mg,0.05 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (318 mg, 3 mmol) in DME/EtOH/H₂O (4 mL/2 mL/4 mL) waspurged with argon for 1 minute and then heated at 100° C. under argonatmosphere for 14 h. The mixture was cooled with an ice bath and its pHwas adjusted to 5 using 6N HCl, then extracted extensively with DCM. TheDCM layer was combined and dried over MgSO₄. Removal of DCM and theresidue was used for the next step without purification. Crude yield100%. (LC/MS: m/z=397 [M+H]⁺.

To a mixture of compound 32-3 (277 mg, 0.7 mmol) and EDC (192 mg, 0.84mmol) in DCM (4 mL) at room temperature was added DIEA (0.24 mL, 1.4mmol). After 2 minutes 2-aminoethanol (0.042 mL, 8.4 mmol) was added andthe reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 h. Thereaction was worked up with EtOAc. The crude product was subjected toflash column chromatography (DCM/MeOH) to give(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide as a white solid(184 mg, 60%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.40 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.20 (m, 7H), 4.50 (m,1H), 3.40-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 1.50 (d, J=7.20 Hz, 3H). LC/MS:m/z=440 [M+H]⁺.

Example 33 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 97)

To a mixture of (4-fluoro-3-methoxycarbonylphenyl)boronic acid (compound33-1) (198 mg, 1 mmol), compound 33-2 (243 mg, 1 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (56mg, 0.08 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (652 mg, 2 mmol) in a vial was added DME (2mL), H₂O (2 mL) and ethyl alcohol (1 mL). The vial was then blanked withArgon, sealed, and heated at 80° C. for 3 h. After cooling to roomtemperature, the reaction mixture was acidified to pH 1.3 with dilutedaqueous HCl solution. The precipitate that formed was collected, washedwith water, and dried at 50° C. under vacuum for 12 h to providecompound 3. To a mixture of compound 33-3, HOBT (1 mmol),N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide HCl (191 mg, 1 mmol) andproton sponge (214 mg, 1 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) at room temperature wereadded MeOH (41 μL, 1 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperaturefor 2 h. The resulting mixture was poured onto a silica gel column andpurified via chromatography with a gradient of 0 to 20% EtOAc in hexaneto provide compound 33-4 (120 mg, 0.33 mmol). To a mixture of compound33-4 (120 mg, 0.33 mmol), 4-fluorophenol (37 mg, 0.33 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃(108 mg, 0.33 mmol) was added DMF (1 mL). The mixture was heated at 65°C. for four days. After cooling to room temperature the mixture waspurified via silica gel chromatography with 0 to 10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ toprovide (S)-methyl5-(4-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-carbamoylpyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(4-fluorophenoxy)benzoate(60 mg, 0.13 mmol). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.92 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz),8.72 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.32 (1H, s), 8.05 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 7.80 (1H,s), 7.59 (1H, s), 7.28 (2H, m), 7.15 (1H, s), 7.11 (2H, m), 7.03 (2H,m), 4.56 (1H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 1.42 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz). LC/MS:m/z=454[M+H]⁺.

To a solution of (S)-methyl5-(4-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-6-carbamoylpyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(4-fluorophenoxy)benzoate(50 mg, 0.11 mmol) in ethyl alcohol (1 mL) at room temperature was addedNaBH₄ (21 mg, 0.55 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 2 h and quenched with addition of MeOH. The mixture was poured ontosilica gel and purified via chromatography with 0 to 20% MeOH in CH₂CH₂to provide(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(30 mg, 0.07 mmol) as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.57 (1H,d, J=2 Hz), 8.27 (1H, dd, J=2.4, 8.8 Hz), 7.05-6.94 (5H, m), 6.70 (1H,d, J=8.4 Hz), 4.68 (2H, s), 4.50 (1H,s), 1.42 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS:m/z=426 [M+H]⁺.

Example 34

The compounds of EXAMPLE 34 were prepared using the methodologydescribed in EXAMPLES 1-33.

6-((2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 2)

LC/MS: m/z=382.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.52 (2H, d, J=9.0Hz), 8.28 (1H, s), 8.05 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz), 7.75 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s),7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.09 (1H, s), 7.07 (1H, s), 7.03(2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.01 (2H, d, J=5.3 Hz).

(S)-6-((1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 3)

LC/MS: m/z=438.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.55 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.26 (1H, s), 7.88 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz), 7.73 (1H, s), 7.56 (1H, s),7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.04-6.98 (3H, m),4.65-4.57 (1H, m), 1.78-1.66 (1H, m), 1.63-1.54 (2H, m), 0.94 (3H, d,J=6.6 Hz), 0.88 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz).

(S)-6-((1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl) pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 4)

LC/MS: m/z=412.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.53 (2H, d, J=8.6Hz), 8.27 (1H, s), 7.89 (1H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 7.74 (1H, s), 7.49 (1H, s),7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (3H, m), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.02 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 5.00 (1H, t, J=5.3 Hz), 4.69-4.62 (1H, m), 3.73 (2H, t, J=5.7 Hz).

(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 5)

LC/MS: m/z=422.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): Exists as a ˜70:30ratio of species 8.60-8.51 (2H, m), 8.35 (1H, s), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.72(0.3H, s), 7.52 (0.7H, s), 7.33-7.22 (2.3H, m), 7.20-7.13 (2H, m),7.08-6.95 (3.4H, m), 6.77 (0.3H, s), 4.59-4.52 (0.7H, m), 4.33-4.27(0.3H, m), 3.91-3.82 (0.3H, m), 3.80-3.71 (0.3H, m), 3.70-3.62 (0.7H,m), 3.56-3.46 (0.7H, m), 2.28-2.17 (0.7H, m), 2.11-1.91 (3.3H, m).

(S)-6-((1-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 6)

LC/MS: m/z=476.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.55 (2H, d, J=8.6Hz), 8.27 (1H, s), 7.95 (1H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 7.73 (1H, s), 7.63-7.57 (2H,m), 7.32-7.25 (2H, m), 7.19-7.14 (2H, m), 7.06 (1H, s), 7.05 (1H, s),7.01 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.94 (1 II, s), 4.83-4.76 (1H, m), 3.57 (3H, s),3.03-2.96 (1H, m), 2.91-2.83 (1H, m).

(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 7)

LC/MS: m/z=408.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.52 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.29 (1H, s), 8.08 (1H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 7.96 (1H, s), 7.76 (1H, s),7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.20-7.13 (2H, m), 7.05 (1H, s), 7.03 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 4.77-4.67 (1H, m), 3.33-3.23 (2H, m), 2.58-2.43 (1H, m, overlapswith DMSO peak), 2.06-1.92 (1H, m).

6-((1-carbamoylcyclopropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 8)

LC/MS: m/z=408.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): Exists as a ˜1:1ratio of conformers: 8.51 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.39-8.23 (2H, m), 7.84(0.5H, s), 7.75 (0.5H, s), 7.46 (0.5H, s), 7.34-7.23 (2.5H, m),7.21-7.12 (2.5H, s), 7.04 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.01 (0.5H, s), 6.98-6.90(1H, m), 1.43 (2H, br s), 1.09-0.90 (2H, m).

6-((1-carbamoylcyclobutyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 9)

LC/MS: m/z=422.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.47 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.35-8.25 (2H, m), 7.74 (1H, s), 7.31-7.23 (2H, m), 7.19-7.11 (2H,m), 7.06 (2H, s apparent), 6.99 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.73 (1H, s),2.72-2.62 (2H, m), 2.17-2.07 (2H, m), 1.96-1.85 (2H, m).

6-((1-amino-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 10)

LC/MS: m/z=410.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.49 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.27 (1H, s), 7.86 (1H, s), 7.72 (1H, s), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m),7.19-7.11 (3H, m), 7.06 (1H, s), 6.99 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.78 (1H, s),1.48 (6H, s).

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 11)

LC/MS: m/z=471.1 [M+H]⁺, H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.66 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.34 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.01 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 7.76(1H, s), 7.61 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.56 (1H, s), 7.41 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 2.4Hz), 7.30 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, s), 4.63-4.54 (1H,m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz).

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(3-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 12)

LC/MS: m/z=471.1 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.65 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.33 (1H, s), 8.04-7.97 (2H, m). 7.92 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.75 (1H,s), 7.55 (1H, s), 7.46 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 1.8 Hz), 7.27 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz),7.12 (1H, s), 7.01 (1H, s), 4.62-4.53 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz).

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 13)

LC/MS: m/z=447.1 [M+I-]⁺, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.63-8.58 (3H, m),8.33 (1H, s), 8.27 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 2.6 Hz), 7.99 (1H, J=6.6 Hz), 7.75(1H, s), 7.56 (1H, s), 7.32-7.26 (3H, m), 7.12 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, s),4.63-4.54 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz).

(S)-methyl 1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate (Cpd No. 15)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): Exists as a ˜90:10 ratio of rotamers: 8.57(0.2H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 8.45 (1.8H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.36 (1H, s), 7.82 (1H,s), 7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.20-7.14 (2H, m), 7.07-7.01 (2.9H, m), 6.77(0.1H, s), 4.76-4.70 (0.1H, m), 4.66-4.61 (0.9H, m), 3.72-3.57 (5H, m),2.40-2.30 (1H, m), 2.12-1.97 (3H, m). LC/MS: m/z=437.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-ethyl 1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)indoline-2-carboxylate (Cpd No. 16)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.55-8.50 (2H, m), 8.03 (1H, br s), 7.65 (1H,br s), 7.37-7.30 (2H, m), 7.22-7.11 (4H, m), 7.10-7.07 (3H, m), 5.37(1H, dd, J=11.0 Hz, 3.7 Hz), 4.27-4.18 (2H, m), 3.72 (1H, dd, J=16.2 Hz,11.4 Hz), 3.31-3.24 (1H, m), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=499.1[M+H]⁺.

Ethyl1-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)cyclopropanecarboxylate(Cpd No. 17)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.54-8.40 (3H, m), 8.39-8.29 (1H, m),7.87-7.75 (1H, m), 7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.21-7.13 (2H, m), 7.07-6.99(2.7H, m), 6.90 (0.3H, s), 4.13-3.99 (2H, m), 1.62-1.50 (2H, m),1.30-1.05 (3H, m), 1.04-0.98 (2H, m). LC/MS: m/z=437.1 [M+H]⁺.

methyl2-((6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-methylpropanoate(Cpd No. 18)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.43 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.29 (1H, s), 8.19(1H, s), 7.75 (1H, s), 7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.20-7.14 (2H, m), 7.05-7.00(3H, m), 3.50 (3H, s), 1.53 (6H, s). LC/MS: m/z=425.2 [M+H]⁺.

6-((3-amino-3-oxopropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 19)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.53 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.25 (1H, s),7.90-7.84 (1H, m), 7.72 (1H, s), 7.36 (1H, s), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m),7.19-7.12 (2H, (2), 7.04 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.98 (1H, s), 6.87 (1H, s),3.70-3.59 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 2.72 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=396.1[M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)(methyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 20)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.56 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.35 (1H, d, J=2.2Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.40 (1H, br s), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m),7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.11 (1H, s), 7.07 (1H, br s), 7.03 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 5.39 (1H, br s), 3.05 (3H, br s), 1.40 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS:m/z=410.1 [M+H]⁺.

(R)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 21)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.54 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.27 (1H, s), 7.94(1H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 7.73 (1H, s), 7.53 (1H, s), 7.32-7.24 (2H, m),7.20-7.12 (2H, m), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.06-6.97 (3H, m), 4.61-4.50 (1H, m),1.36 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=396.1 [M+H]⁺.

6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 22)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.54 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.27 (1H, s), 7.95(1H, d, J=5.9 Hz), 7.74 (1H, s), 7.53 (1H, s), 7.32-7.23 (2H, m),7.19-7.12 (2H, m), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.05-6.97 (3H, m), 4.60-4.51 (1H, m),1.36 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=396.1 [M+H]⁺.

6-((4-amino-4-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 23)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.52 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.25 (1H, s),7.75-7.66 (2H, m), 7.36 (1H, s), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.12 (2H, m),7.04 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 6.95 (1H, s), 6.85 (1H, s), 4.63-4.51 (1H, m),2.48-2.42 (1H, m), 2.29-2.20 (1H, m), 1.21 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz). LC/MS:m/z=410.1 [M+H]⁺.

6-(3-carbamoylpiperidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 24)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.52 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.33 (1H, s), 7.79(1H, s), 7.45 (1H, s), 7.32-7.21 (3H, m), 7.19-7.12 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H,d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.93 (1H, s), 4.45 (2H, br s), 3.19-3.00 (2H, m),2.39-2.29 (1H, m), 1.97-1.88 (1H, m), 1.83-1.62 (2H, m), 1.51-1.37 (1H,m). LC/MS: m/z=436.2 [M+H]⁺.

4-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine-3-carboxamide(Cpd No. 25)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.54 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 8.37 (1H, s), 7.82(1H, s), 7.58 (1H, s), 7.32-7.20 (3H, m), 7.20-7.13 (3H, m), 7.04 (2H,d, J=8.3 Hz), 5.25 (0.5H, br s), 4.62 (0.5H, br s), 4.34 (1H, d, J=12.0Hz), 4.00-4.93 (1H, m), 3.84 (1H, br s), 3.74 (1H, dd, J=11.8 Hz, 3.9Hz), 3.59-3.45 (2H, m). LC/MS: m/z=438.1 [M+H]⁺.

4-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine-2-carboxamide(Cpd No. 26)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.53 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.37 (1H, s), 7.83(1H, s), 7.44 (1H, s), 7.40 (1H, s), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.23 (1H, s),7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.07 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.60 (1H, very broad s), 4.28(1H, br s), 4.05-3.98 (2H, m), 3.66 (1H, dt, J=11.2 Hz, 2.6 Hz),3.30-3.20 (1H, m), 3.19-3.05 (1H, m). LC/MS: m/z=438.1 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)indoline-2-carboxylicacid (Cpd No. 31)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 13.29 (1H, br s), 8.61 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz),8.49 (1H, s), 7.95 (1H, s), 7.38-7.26 (5H, m), 7.25-7.16 (2.5H, m),7.16-7.08 (2.5H, m), 7.08-7.02 (1H, m), 5.32 (1H, dd, J=11.2 Hz, 3.1Hz), 3.69 (1H, dd, J=16.7 Hz, 11.2 Hz), 3.25 (1H, d, J=17.1 Hz). LC/MS:m/z=471.3 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-1-(6-carbamoyl-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)indoline-2-carboxamide(Cpd No. 36)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.6 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.47 (1H, s), 7.93(1H, s), 7.88 (1H, s), 7.42-7.25 (6H, m), 7.25-7.16 (2.5H, m), 7.16-7.06(2.5H, m), 7.03 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 5.12 (1H, br d, J=8.6 Hz), 3.72-3.61(1H, m), 3.16-6.08 (1H, m). LC/MS: m/z=470.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 37)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.68 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 8.61 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 8.35 (1H, dd, J=8.8 Hz, 2.4 Hz), 8.32 (1H, s), 7.99 (1H, d, J=6.6Hz), 7.75 (1H, s), 7.56 (1H, s), 7.32-7.26 (3H, m), 7.12 (1H, s), 7.01(1H, s), 4.63-4.54 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=404.1[M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 38)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.56 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.28 (1H, s), 7.96(1H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 7.74 (1H, s), 7.56-7.47 (2H, m), 7.38-7.33 (2H, m),7.12-7.06 (3H, m), 6.99 (1H, s), 4.60-4.51 (1H, m), 1.37 (3H, d, J=7.0Hz). LC/MS: m/z=430.0 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 42)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.51 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 8.25 (1H, s), 7.72(1H, s), 7.66-7.59 (1H, m), 7.32-7.23 (2H, m), 7.19-7.12 (2H, m), 7.04(2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.98 (1H, s), 4.84-4.77 (1H, m), 4.34-4.23 (1H, m),3.57-3.47 (1H, m), 3.44-3.36 (1H, m), 1.18 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz). LC/MS:m/z=383.2 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 43)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.58-8.52 (2H, m), 8.33 (1H, s), 7.79 (1H,s), 7.33-7.25 (2H, m), 7.21-7.13 (2H, m), 7.11 (0.4H, br s), 7.07-7.02(2H, m), 6.98 (0.6H, br s), 5.02 (0.4H, br s), 4.82 (0.6H, br s), 4.39(0.6H, br s), 3.98 (0.4H, br s), 3.73 (1H, br s), 3.68-3.39 (2H, m),3.41-3.30 (1H, m), 2.14-1.89 (4H, m). LC/MS: m/z=409.2 [M+H]⁺.

2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 44)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.51 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.24 (1H, s),7.76-7.69 (2H, m), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.18-7.12 (2H, m), 7.11 (1H, s),7.04 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 4.61 (1H, s), 3.48 (2H, d, J=5.7 Hz), 1.14 (6H,s). LC/MS: m/z=397.2 [M+H]⁺.

2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-(((1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 45)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.51 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.24 (1H, s),7.74-7.67 (2H, m), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.11 (1H, s),7.04 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 4.39 (1H, s), 3.51 (2H, d, J=5.7 Hz), 1.62-1.33(9H, m), 1.26-1.14 (1H, m). LC/MS: m/z=437.3 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((2,3-dihydroxypropyl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 46)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.50 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.21-7.08 (5H, m), 7.05(2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 3.99-3.90 (1H, m), 3.86-3.75 (1H, m), 3.66-3.55 (3H,m). LC/MS: m/z=399.1 [M+H]⁺.

6-((1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 47)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.52 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.25 (1H, s), 7.71(1H, s), 7.61 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 7.32-7.24 (2H, m), 7.20-7.12 (2H, m),7.08-7.01 (3H, m), 4.84-4.70 (2H, m), 4.32-4.21 (1H, m), 3.62-3.51 (4H,m). LC/MS: m/z=399.1 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((3-trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 58)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.59 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.42 (1H, d, J=4.8Hz), 8.32 (1H, br), 8.30 (1H, bs), 7.98 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 7.74 (1H,bs), 7.56 (1H, bs), 7.38 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 6.8 Hz), 7.24 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, bs), 4.59 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz).LC/MS: m/z=447 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((6-trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 59)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.62 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.34 (1H, br), 8.10(1H, t, J=8 Hz), 7.98 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 7.74 (1H, bs), 7.68 (1H, d,J=7.2 Hz) 7.57 (1H, bs), 7.40 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.28 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz),7.13 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, bs), 4.59 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz).LC/MS: m/z=447 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((6-trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 60)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.64 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.62 (1H, d, J=2.8Hz), 8.33 (1H, br), 7.99 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.76(1H, bs), 7.64 (1H, dd, J=8, 2.4 Hz) 7.55 (1H, bs), 7.27 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, bs), 4.59 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz).LC/MS: m/z=447 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((6-fluoropyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 61)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.60 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.32 (1H, br), 8.05(1H, q, J=8.4 Hz), 7.99 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.75 (1H, bs), 7.55 (1H, bs),7.25 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, bs), 7.00 (1H, dd,J=7.6, 1.2 Hz), 6.93 (1H, dd, J=8, 2.4 Hz), 4.59 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d,J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=397 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5-fluoropyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 62)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.57 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.30 (1H, br), 8.20(1H, d, J=3.2 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 7.87 (1H, dt, J=2.8, 7.6 Hz),7.75 (1H, bs), 7.55 (1H, bs), 7.19 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.18 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.11 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, bs), 4.59 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz).LC/MS: m/z=397 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5-chloropyridine-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 63)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.57 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.31 (1H, br), 8.25(1H, d, J=2.8 Hz), 8.00 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 2.8 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J=6.4 Hz),7.74 (1H, bs), 7.55 (1H, bs), 7.21 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.11 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, bs), 4.59 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz).LC/MS: m/z=413 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 64)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.55 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.28 (1H, br), 7.96(1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 7.74 (1H, bs), 7.69 (1H, dd, J=11, 2.0 Hz), 7.54 (1H,bs), 7.35 (1H, dt, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz), 7.30 (1H, t, J=8.8 Hz), 7.09 (1H,bs), 7.05 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.00 (1H, bs), 4.57 (1H, m), 1.38 (3H, d,J=7.2 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=430 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 71)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 7.20-7.4 (4H, m), 6.85-6.95 (4H, m), 6.40 (1H, s), 4.2(2H, m), 3.65-3.79 (4H, m), 2.15-2.35 (4H, m), 1.40 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz).LC/MS: m/z=496 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(2-(pyridazin-4-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 72)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 9.09-9.51 (2H, m), 7.82-8.05 (3H, m), 7.4 (1H, m), 6.80(1H, s), 4.0 (1H, m), 1.35 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=448 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd. No. 73)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 6.95-7.20 (m, 4H), 6.35 (1H, s), 4.6 (2H, m), 4.2 (1H,m), 2.95 (2H, m), 2.88 (m, 2H), 2.10 (2H, m), 1.70 (2H, m), 1.40 (2H,m), 1.28 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=395 [M+H]⁺.

6-(3-carbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd. No. 74)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.53 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.34 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.45 (1H, s), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.24-7.20(2H, m), 7.19-7.12 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, d. J=9.0 Hz), 5.02-3.71 (2H, br),3.27 (3H, br s), 3.02-2.94 (1H, br m), 2.78-2.65 (2H, br m). LC/MS:m/z=437.1 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 75)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.52 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.29 (1H, s), 8.09(1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 7.96 (1H, s), 7.75 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, dd, J=11.0 Hz,2.2 Hz), 7.38-7.28 (2H, m), 7.09-7.03 (3H, m), 4.75 (1H, m), 3.32-3.23(2H, m), 2.57-2.46 (1H, m, overlaps with DMSO peak), 2.06-1.93 (1H, m).LC/MS: m/z=442.0 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 76)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.62 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.51 (1H, s), 7.97(1H, s), 7.70 (1H, s), 7.47-7.42 (2H, m), 7.26 (1H, s), 7.25-7.19 (3H,m), 7.14 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 5.38 (1H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 1.53 (3H, d, J=6.8Hz). LC/MS: m/z=463.0 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 77)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.67 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.55 (1H, s), 7.98(1H, s), 7.89 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 7.71 (1H, s), 7.28 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H,d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.24-7.19 (3H, m), 5.39 (1H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 1.53 (3H, d,J=6.8 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=404.1 [M+H]⁺.

6-((3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 80)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.55 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.33 (1H, d, J=2.2Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.31-7.24 (2H, m), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.05(2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 6.90 (1H, s), 5.29 (1H, d, J=3.5 Hz), 5.21 (1H, d,J=3.5 Hz), 4.14-4.09 (1H, m), 4.09-4.04 (1H, m), 3.76-3.62 (3H, m),3.35-3.30 (1H, m). LC/MS: m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺.

6-(2-carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 82)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.49 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (1H, s), 7.19-7.08(4H, m), 7.03 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 5.65-5.24 (1H, br), 4.48-3.95 (1H, br),3.64-3.53 (1H, m), 3.50-3.42 (1H, m), 2.99-2.92 (1H, m), 2.40 (1H, dd,J=12.1 Hz, 4.8 Hz), 2.33 (3H, s), 2.20 (1H, dt, J=11.6 Hz, 3.5 Hz).LC/MS: m/z=451.2 [M+H]⁺.

6-(2-carbamoyl-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 83)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.50 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 7.42 (1H, dd, J=10.5Hz, 2.4 Hz), 7.37 (1H, s), 7.29-7.18 (2H, m), 7.04 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz),5.64-5.22 (1H, br), 4.50-3.92 (1H, br), 3.65-3.53 (1H, m), 3.50-3.41(1H, m), 2.99-2.92 (1H, m), 2.40 (1 II, dd, J=11.8 Hz, 4.8 Hz), 2.33(3H, s), 2.20 (1H, dt, J=11.6 Hz, 3.5 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=485.1 [M+H]⁺.

6-(2-carbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 86)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.45 (m, 2H), 7.55 (m, 2H); 7.25 (s, 1H), 6.95-7.15 (m,4H), 5.20 (m, 1H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.85-3.0 (m, 2H),2.70 (m, 1H). LC/MS: m/z=487 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No 87)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.40 (m, 2H), 6.75-7.20 (m, 6H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.70(m, 2H), 1.95-2.35 (m, 4H). LC/MS: m/z=456 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 88)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.49 (m, 2H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.15 (m, 1H), 6.95-7.20 (m,3H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.60 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.40 (m, 4H). LC/MS: m/z=473[M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 89)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.49 (m, 2H), 7.65 (m, 2H), 7.05 (m, 5H), 4.55 (m, 1H),3.30-3.70 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.40 (m, 4H). LC/MS: m/z=429 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)phenyl)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 90)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.40 (m, 2H), 6.60-7.05 (m, 4H), 6.30-6.60 (m, 2H), 5.90(s, 2H), 4.50 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.70 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.40 (m, 4H). LC/MS:m/z=448 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 91)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.45 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 4H), 4.60 (m,1H), 3.40-3.70 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.40 (m, 4H). LC/MS: m/z=472[M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 92)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.45 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 2H),6.85-6.95 (m, 2H), 5.40 (m, 1H), 1.50 (d, J=7.20 Hz, 3H). LC/MS: m/z=431[M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 93)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.45 (m, 2H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.05-7.20 (m, 3H), 6.85-6.95(m 2H), 5.40 (m, 1H), 1.50 (d, J=7.20 Hz, 3H). LC/MS: m/z=431 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl)-6-((1-morpholino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd No. 95)

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 8.40 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.20 (m, 7H), 5.15 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.85(m, 8H), 1.50 (d, J=7.20 Hz, 3H). LC/MS: m/z=466 [M+H.]⁺.

(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethylmethyl)phenoxy) phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd. No. 98)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.66 (2H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 8.54 (1H, s), 7.98(1H, s), 7.79 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.71 (1H, s), 7.28 (1H, s), 7.27-7.20(5H, m), 5.39 (1H, m), 1.54 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz). LC/MS: m/z=447[M+H]⁺.

(S)-6-((2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)amino)-2-(4-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd. No. 99)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.62-8.56 (3H, m), 8.33 (1H, s), 8.27 (1H,dd, J=8.8 Hz, 2.4 Hz), 8.12 (1 I, d, J=6.8 Hz), 7.98 (1H, s), 7.76 (1H,s), 7.33-7.26 (3H, m), 7.09 (1H, s), 4.82-4.71 (1H, m), 3.35-3.25 (2H,m), 2.61-2.49 (1H, m, overlaps with DMSO peak), 2.07-1.94 (1H, m).LC/MS: m/z=459.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 35 Preparation of6-(((S)-1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd No. 103)

Synthesis of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol (compound 35-1)

NaBH₄ (370 mg, 10 mmol) in 5 mL H₂O was slowly added to 10 mL of MeOHsolution of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one (1.56 g, 10 mmol) at 0° C.After the addition, the methanol was removed and the residue wasextracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The EtOAc layer was dried over MgSO4,filtered, and evaporated to give 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol (compound35-1), which was used in next step without further purification (1.56 g,yield 100%).

Synthesis of 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohexanone (compound 35-3)

NaH (200 mg, 5 mmol) was added to a toluene solution of1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol (compound 35-1) (730 mg, 5 mmol) at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 0.5 hr andthen cooled to room temperature. A DMF solution of1-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (compound 35-2) (820 mg, 5 mmol) wasadded and the reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. for 1.5 hr in amicrowave (Biotage initiator). The reaction mixture was then cooled toroom temperature and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The crude productwas treated with TFA/DCM/H₂O (2 mL/4 mL/0.6 mL) at room temperature for2 hr and then extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The EtOAc was removed andthe residue was subjected to silica gel flash chromatography usingEtOAc/hexanes as the eluent to give4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohexanone (compound 35-3) as acolorless oil (0.52 g, yield 40%). LC/MS: m/z=259 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate (compound 35-4)

A LHDMS (1M in THF, 2.2 mmol, 2.2 mL) solution was added dropwise to aTHF solution of 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohexanone (compound35-3) (0.52 g, 2 mmol) at −78° C. under argon, and the mixture wasstirred for 1 hr after the addition was complete. CF₃(CF₂)₃SO₂F (0.35mL, 2 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was allowed towarm up to room temperature over 2 hrs. The THF was removed and theresidue was subjected to flash column using EtOAc/hexanes as the eluentto give 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate (compound 35-4) as ayellow oil (0.8 g, yield 74%).

Synthesis of4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(compound 35-5)

A mixture of 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate (compound 35-4) (0.8 g,1.48 mmol), pinacol diborane (0.38 g, 1.48 mmol), KOAc (0.44 g, 4.5mmol), and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (60 mg, 0.07 mmol) was suspended in dioxanes (10mL) and heated to 70° C. for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled toroom temperature, extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL), and dried over MgSO₄.Removal of EtOAc gave4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(compound 35-5), which was used in the next step without furtherpurification (0.5 g, crude yield 94%).

Synthesis of6-(((S)-1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd. No. 103)

A mixture of borate compound 35-5, (257 mg, 0.7 mmol),(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(compound 35-6) (170 mg, 0.7 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl2 (27 mg, 0.04 mmol), andNa₂CO₃ (2 M in H₂O, 0.7 mL) was suspended in DME/EtOH (2 mL/1 mL). Themixture was purged with N₂, heated at 100° C. for 14 hr, and then cooledto room temperature. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL) anddried over MgSO₄. After the removal of ethyl acetate via rotaryevaporator the residue was subjected to flash chromatography usingDCM/MeOH as the eluent to give6-(((S)-1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd. No. 103) as a white solid (50 mg). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.50-7.60 (m,2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 6.95-7.15 (m, 3H), 4.80 (m, 1H), 4.40 (m, 1H),2.60-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.50 (d, 3H).LC/MS: m/z=450 [M+H]⁺.

Example 36 Preparation of6-(((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

6-(((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)oxy)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamidewas prepared using the methodology described in EXAMPLE 35. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD) δ 7.35-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 6.95-7.10 (m,2H), 5.65 (m, lh). 4.70 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 4H),2.35-2.40 (m, 1H), 1.85-2.15 (m, 3H). LC/MS: m/z=463 [M+H]⁺.

Example 37 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-cyanophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd. No. 100)

Synthesis of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(compound 37-7)

A mixture of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(compound 37-6) (243 mg, 1 mmol), 4-hydroxylpiperidine (101 mg, 1 mmol),and TEA (0.17 mL, 1.2 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) andstirred at 70° C. for 1 hr, extracted with EtOAc (2×20 ml), and driedover MgSO₄. The ethyl acetate was removed via rotary evaporator and thecrude(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(compound 37-7) was used in the next step without further purification.

Synthesis of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-cyanophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd. No. 100)

A mixture of 4-fluorobenzonitrile (121 mg, 1 mmol), compound 37-7 (308mg, 1 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (326 mg, 1 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was heated at160° C. in a microwave (Biotage initiator) for 20 minutes. The mixturewas extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL) and dried over MgSO₄. After theremoval of ethyl acetate via rotary evaporator the residue was subjectedto flash chromatography using DCM/MeOH as the eluent to giveS)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-cyanophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd. No. 100) as a white solid(150 mg). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.55-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 6.40 (s,1H), 4.80 (m, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.68 (m, 2H), 1.98 (m,2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.40 (d, 3H). LC/MS: m/z=410 [M+H]⁺.

Example 38 Preparation of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)azetidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd. No. 101)

Synthesis of 3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)azetidine (compound 38-10)

A mixture of phenol compound 38-8 (356 mg, 2 mmol), iodide compound 389(564 mg, 2 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (652 mg, 2 mmol) and CuI (100 mg, 0.5 mmol) inDMF (3 mL) was capped in a microwavable vial and stirred at 160° C. in amicrowave (Biotage initiator) for 20 minutes. After cooling to roomtemperature, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL) and driedover MgSO₄. The EtOAc was removed under rotary evaporation and theresidue was dissolved in TFA/DCM (5 mL/5 mL) and stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hr. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL) anddried over MgSO₄. After the removal of ethyl acetate via rotaryevaporation, the crude 3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)azetidine (compound38-10) was used in the next step without further purification. LC/MS:m/z=218 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)azetidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(Cpd. No. 101)

A mixture of(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide(compound 37-6) (243 mg, 1 mmol),3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)azetidine (1 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (138 mg, 1mmol) was dissolved in DMF (3 mL), stirred at 80° C. for 14 hr, and thencooled to room temperature. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×20mL) and dried over MgSO₄. After the removal of ethyl acetate via rotaryevaporation the residue was subjected to flash chromatography usingDCM/MeOH as the eluent to give(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)azetidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (Cpd. No. 101) as a white solid(150 mg). 1H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.12 (m, 2H), 6.80 (m, 2H), 6.42 (s, 1H),5.05 (m, 1H), 3.90-4.45 (m, 5H), 1.35 (d, 3H). LC/MS: m/z=425 [M+H]⁺.

Example 39

Representative Compounds of the Invention have been tested in theFLIPR®, FLIPR^(TETRA)®, and/or electrophysiology (EP) assays for sodiumchannel blocking activity, which is described in detail above.Representative values are presented in TABLE 4.

TABLE 4 Evaluation of compounds as sodium channel (Na_(v)) blockersNa_(v)1.7 Activity (μM) Compound FLIPR assay EP assay EP assay ExampleNo. IC₅₀ K_(i) K_(r) 1 0.42 0.057 4.22 2 0.4 0.59 10.12 3 0.39 4 1.4 50.26 0.078 7.95 6 0.13 0.25 4.78 7 0.17 0.053 1.89 8 0.42 9 0.35 10 0.1811 0.72 12 0.4 13 0.99 0.42 168.67 14 0.17 0.024 0.84 15 0.86 0.35 10.4216 >20 17 0.10 18 0.20 19 >20 20 0.22 21 0.60 0.23 7.25 22 0.55 23 0.324 10-20 25 0.36 26 0.26 27 0.26 28 10-20 29 >20 30 >20 31 >20 32 2.0033 0.97 34 1.15 35 >20 20.50 102.0 36 >20 37 10-20 38 0.11 0.067 1.55 390.95 40 >20 41.05 109.5 41 0.037 42 0.069 0.024 2.04 43 0.15 44 0.11 450.22 46 >20 47 0.46 48 0.17 49 0.17 50 >20 51 >20 52 0.088 53 0.14 0.274.08 54 1.75 55 2.09 56 0.22 0.053 5.04 57 3.25 58 1.27 59 2.04 60 1.6661 6.46 62 2.98 63 0.79 0.60 27.96 64 0.18 0.016 0.73 65 >20 66 0.4167 >20 68 >20 69 6.10 70 3.76 71 >20 72 1.42 73 1.80 74 0.25 75 0.12 760.16 77 0.29 78 0.12 79 0.41 80 0.38 81 0.49 82 0.34 83 0.31 84 0.18 850.21 86 0.36 87 0.14 88 1.18 89 0.41 90 0.54 91 0.20 92 0.27 93 0.083 941.59 95 0.43 96 0.53 97 5.72 98 0.17 0.054 1.16 99 0.57 0.083 4.65 1004.57 101 0.87 102 0.22 103 1.08

Having now fully described this disclosure, it will be understood bythose of ordinary skill in the art that the same can be performed withina wide and equivalent range of conditions, formulations and otherparameters without affecting the scope of the disclosure or anyembodiment thereof.

Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification and practice of theinvention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification andexamples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spiritof the invention being indicated by the following claims.

All patents and publications cited herein are fully incorporated byreference in their entirety.

1. A compound having Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof,wherein: W¹ and W² are N and W³ is CR³; or W¹ and W³ are N and W² isCR³; or W² and W³ are N and W¹ is CR³; A¹ is selected from the groupconsisting of: a) optionally substituted aryl; b) optionally substitutedheteroaryl; c) optionally substituted cycloalkyl; d) optionallysubstituted heterocyclo; and e) aralkyl; X is selected from the groupconsisting of: a) —S—; b) —SO—; c) —SO₂— d) —(CR^(7a)R^(7b))_(m)—; e)—NR⁸—; f) —SO₂NR⁹—; and g) —NR⁹SO₂—; each R^(7a) and R^(7b), which canbe identical or different, is selected from the group consisting of: a)hydrogen; b) halo; c) alkyl; and d) aryl; or each R^(7a) and R^(7b)taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 3-to 8-membered optionally substituted cycloalkyl or a 3- to 8-memberedoptionally substituted heterocyclo; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; R⁸ is selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; R⁹ is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; A² is selected from the groupconsisting of: a) optionally substituted aryl; b) optionally substitutedheteroaryl; c) optionally substituted heterocyclo; and d) optionallysubstituted cycloalkyl; or A² is absent; E is selected from the groupconsisting of: a) hydroxy; b) alkoxy; and c) —NR¹R²; R¹ is selected fromthe group consisting of: a) hydrogen; b) alkyl; c) aralkyl; d)(heterocyclo)alkyl; e) (heteroaryl)alkyl; f) (amino)alkyl; g)(alkylamino)alkyl; h) (dialkylamino)alkyl; i) (carboxamido)alkyl; j)(cyano)alkyl; k) alkoxyalkyl; l) hydroxyalkyl; and m) heteroalkyl; R² isselected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; or R¹ and R²taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo; R³ selected fromthe group consisting of: a) hydrogen; b) halo; c) nitro; d) cyano; e)hydroxy; f) amino; g) alkylamino; h) dialkylamino; i) haloalkyl; j)hydroxyalkyl; k) alkoxy; l) haloalkoxy; and m) alkoxyalkyl; Z isselected from the group consisting of —NR⁵— and —O—; R⁴ is selected fromthe group consisting of:

c) hydroxyalkyl; d) hydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl; and e) (heterocyclo)alkyl;each R^(10a), R^(10b), R^(10c), and R^(10d) is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of: a) hydrogen; b) hydroxy; c) optionallysubstituted alkyl; d) aralkyl; e) (heterocyclo)alkyl; f)(heteroaryl)alkyl; g) (amino)alkyl; h) (alkylamino)alkyl; i)(dialkylamino)alkyl; j) (carboxamido)alkyl; k) (cyano)alkyl; l)alkoxyalkyl; m) hydroxyalkyl; n) heteroalkyl; o) optionally substitutedcycloalkyl; p) optionally substituted aryl; q) optionally substitutedheterocyclo; and r) optionally substituted heteroaryl; or R^(10a) andR^(10b) taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attachedform a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted cycloalkyl or a 3- to8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo; r is 1, 2, or 3; s is 1,2, or 3; R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of: a) hydroxy; b)alkoxy; and c) —NR^(1a)R^(2a); R^(1a) is selected from the groupconsisting of: a) hydrogen; b) alkyl; c) aralkyl; d) (heterocyclo)alkyl;e) (heteroaryl)alkyl; f) (amino)alkyl; g) (alkylamino)alkyl; h)(dialkylamino)alkyl; i) (carboxamido)alkyl; j) (cyano)alkyl; k)alkoxyalkyl; l) hydroxyalkyl; and m) heteroalkyl; R^(2a) is selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; or R^(1a) and R^(2a)taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo; R¹² is selectedfrom the group consisting of: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substitutedalkyl; c) (amino)alkyl; d) (alkylamino)alkyl; e) (dialkylamino)alkyl; f)(carboxamido)alkyl; g) (cyano)alkyl; h) alkoxyalkyl; i) hydroxyalkyl;and j) heteroalkyl; R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of: a)hydrogen b) alkyl; c) hydroxyalkyl; and d) alkylsulfonyl; or R⁴ and R⁵taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo; with the provisothat when R⁴ and R⁵ taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo,then R¹ is selected from the group consisting of: a) hydrogen; b)(heterocyclo)alkyl; c) (heteroaryl)alkyl; d) (amino)alkyl; e)(alkylamino)alkyl; f) (dialkylamino)alkyl; g) (carboxamido)alkyl; h)(cyano)alkyl; i) alkoxyalkyl; j) hydroxyalkyl; and k) heteroalkyl. 2.The compound of claim 1, wherein when R⁴ and R⁵ taken together with thenitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 3- to 8-memberedoptionally substituted heterocyclo and A² is absent, then X is selectedfrom the group consisting of: a) —S—; b) —SO—; c) —SO₂— d)—(CR^(7a)R^(7b))_(m)—; e) —SO₂NR⁹—; and f) —NR⁹SO₂—.
 3. (canceled) 4.The compound of claim 1 having Formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof,wherein: R^(6a) and R^(6b) are independently selected from the groupconsisting of: a) hydrogen; b) halo; c) nitro; d) cyano; e) hydroxy; f)amino; g) alkylamino; h) dialkylamino; i) haloalkyl; j) hydroxyalkyl; k)alkoxy; l) haloalkoxy; m) carboxy; and n) alkoxycarbonyl. 5-9.(canceled)
 10. The compound of claim 1 having Formula VIII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof. 11.The compound of claim 1 having Formula IX:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.12-13. (canceled)
 14. The compound of claim 1, wherein Z is —NR⁵—, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.
 15. Thecompound of claim 1, wherein Z is —O—, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.
 16. The compound of claim 1, wherein:R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of:

b) hydroxyalkyl; and c) hydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl; R^(10a) is selectedfrom the group consisting of: a) hydrogen; b) hydroxy; c) optionallysubstituted alkyl; d) aralkyl; e) (heteroaryl)alkyl; f) (amino)alkyl; g)(alkylamino)alkyl; h) (dialkylamino)alkyl; i) (carboxamido)alkyl; k)alkoxyalkyl; and l) hydroxyalkyl; R^(10b) is selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen and alkyl; or R^(10a) and R^(10b) taken togetherwith the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-memberedcycloalkyl; r is 1 or 2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate,or prodrug thereof.
 17. The compound of claim 1, wherein R⁴ and R⁵ takentogether with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5- or6-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo, and said optionallysubstituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclo is selected from the groupconsisting of:

wherein: R^(13a), R^(13b), R^(13c), R^(13d), R^(13e), and R^(13f) areindependently selected from the group consisting of: a) hydrogen; b)hydroxy; c) hydroxyalkyl; d) carboxy; e) alkoxycarbonyl; and f)carboxamido; Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NR¹⁴;and R¹⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof. 18.(canceled)
 19. The compound of claim 1, wherein R⁴ is:

and R¹¹ is —NR^(1a)R^(2a), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt,solvate, or prodrug thereof.
 20. The compound of claim 1, wherein R⁴ is:

R^(10a) and R^(10b) taken together with the carbon atom to which theyare attached form a 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl; and R¹¹ is—NR^(1a)R^(2a), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, orprodrug thereof.
 21. (canceled)
 22. The compound of claim 1, wherein R⁴is hydroxyalkyl or hydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl, and said hydroxyalkyl orhydroxy(cycloalkyl)alkyl is selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.23-25. (canceled)
 26. The compound of claim 1, wherein A¹ is selectedfrom the group consisting of substituted phenyl having one or twosubstituents and substituted pyridyl having one substituent, whereineach substituent is independently selected from the group consisting ofhalo, cyano, hydroxy, amino, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and alkyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.27-38. (canceled)
 39. A compound selected from the group consisting of:6-((S)-1-Carbamoyl-ethylamino)-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine-4-carboxylicacid amide;(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(4-(fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylpyrimidine-4-carboxamide;(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(4-(bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide;(S)-6-((1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-(1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof. 40.(canceled)
 41. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the compound ofclaim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrugthereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 42. A method oftreating a disorder responsive to the blockade of sodium channels in amammal suffering from said disorder, comprising administering to amammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound asclaimed in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, orprodrug thereof. 43-45. (canceled)
 46. A method for treating stroke,neuronal damage resulting from head trauma, epilepsy, seizures, neuronalloss following global and focal ischemia, pain, migraine, primaryerythromelalgia, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, cerebellar atrophy,ataxia, mental retardation, a neurodegenerative disorder, manicdepression, tinnitus, myotonia, a movement disorder, or cardiacarrhythmia, or providing local anesthesia in a mammal, comprisingadministering an effective amount of a compound as claimed in claim 1,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, to amammal in need of such treatment.
 47. The method of claim 46, whereinsaid method is for treating pain.
 48. (canceled)
 49. The method of claim47, wherein said pain is selected from the group consisting of chronicpain, inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, acute pain, and surgicalpain. 50-75. (canceled)